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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
SAN DIEGO
by
Douglas Warren
UNiyERSITY Of CAUFOBNIA SAN pi
1822 02751 9107
Social Sciences & Humanities Library
University of California, San Diego
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Date Due
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CI 39 (5/97) UCSD Lib.
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„Art
History
'Midway Plaipnce
and
■h'M^ World's
'^mh Columbian
Wm^ Exposition
FULLY ILLUSTRATED
Compiled by
Frank H. Smith
Copyrighted iSqj
. All right! reserved
Published by
THE FOSTER PRESS
Chicago
PUBLISHED BY
THE FOSTER PRESS
140-142 Monroe Street
CHICAGO
Copyrighted iSqj
y.
^^
perace
FRANK H. SMITH
Photo by Gibson
"Sf'ir^J
"1
In publishing; this History, every effort has
been made to show to the world the
wonders and beauties of Midway
Plaisance ^^; i^i g^^ ^^
The illustrated re\iew of the W'orld's
Columbian Exposition proper, does
not pretend to be a full account of that
vast enterprise, but the eng;ra\'inos
and data pertaining- thereto are all
that could be desired relati\'e to the
construction, cost and uses of these
magnificent structures ly^® .fei^
The illustrations of the Midway Plais-
ance herein shown are absolutely per-
fect reproductions of the various
scenes, haAing been made from pho-
tographs especially taken for this
^^■"^^ Frank H. Smith.
Tl?e
-W)
ai^aoce"
THE STREET OF ALL NA TIONS
The spirit of greatness of the Exposition of 1893, seemed from the
very inception of the idea to permeate the whole body of gentlemen whose
duty it was to prepare for the entire world a Fair that would in every way
surpass anything heretofore undertaken by men. Feeling that so memo-
rable an anniversary as the one about to be commemorated would cause
the arousing of the whole people of the civilized world, their plans were
made accordingly.
Wild Bedouins of the Desert
After securing a space of ground five times as large as that occupied
by the great Paris Exposition of 1889, and knowing intuitively that all of
this space would be taken by the massive structures devoted to free exhibits,
and knowing further that so great an enterprise as tliis would attract from
all c|uarters of the globe a large concourse of exhibitors, who from the
nature of their exhibits would be compelled to charge an admission fee —
as quite a few of these concessionaires must of necessity employ hundreds
of people — the Directors of the Exposition at once set about to procure a
suitable piece of ground on which to place so large an aggregation.
The space secured for these most interesting exhibits is a strip of land
one mile long- and six hundred feet wide, running- east and west, and form-
ing- a connection between Washington and Jackson Parks. It is called
the Midway Plaisance, but might very properly be named the Human
Kaleidoscope, showing as it does, every shade, color and type of
humanit\-. Here are seen representatives of every country in the world,
both cixilized and barbarian. Singhalese, Chinese, Soudanese, Japanese,
Nubians, Arabs, Turks, Algerians, Persians, Syrians, Tartars, Hindoos,
Burmese, Fijians, Samoans, Kanakas, Zulus, Dahomeyans, Esquimaux,
Laplanders, American Indians; and English, Germans, Austrians, Irish,
French, Bohemians, Hungarians, Roumanians, Italians, Spaniards, Portu-
gese, Musco\"ites, Scandinavians, Swiss and Americans all following their
se\-eral vocations, and mingling together as a happy family. Truly is it a
wonderful sight to see this great gathering of nations. The beating of
tom-toms and blowing of reeds, intermingled with the classic music of the
more adv^anced nations, is at times a foretaste of pandemonium itself, but
withal producing a happy sensation of enjoyment nowhere else experienced
The crowds that daily fill the Plaisance to overflowing, are in every
sense of the w^ord cosmopolitan. Here is seen the farmer, mechanic,
business man, professional man, gentlemen of leisure, and their wives,
mothers and sweethearts, all enjoying themselves in a w ay that shows a
perfect abandon of the cares of life. Seated around the tables of the many
cafes and restaurants, listening to music both good and bad, chatting over
the many peculiar experiences they ha\e met with during the day, the
throngs at exening present an appearance of jollity and pleasure that causes
one to wish the Columbian Exposition would last always. But it cannot
last always, and those people who have not as yet \'isited the many
wonderful attractions on the Plaisance, and enjoyed the sights that will
never again be presented in America or any other country during the life-
time of the present population of the earth, will fail to perform the solemn
duty they owe to themseK-es; and to those who from circumstances cannot
visit the Exposition the illustrations of this book will serxe in a slight way
to impress them with the beauties and greatness of this veritable fairyland.
A great deal of " newspaper talk," meant more for jest than fact, has
caused a great many people to misconstrue the purposes and aims of the
Midway Plaisance, some thinking it simply a "side-show." The idea
cannot be to quickly erased from the minds of the unsophisticated, as on
the Midway Plaisance are exhibits mure educational, more wonderful and
more interesting than thousands of the exhibits shown in themain Fair, as
the following description of the leading attractions of the Midway will show.
Cmr^i^topmcr Coi.y^By3
CHRISTOPHER Columbus, the great navig-ator who added a
new hemisphere to our globe, was probably born in
Genoa, in March, 1447. Though virtually the greatest
man of his age, there is little definite information about his
family and his early life. In Lisbon, in 1470, he married the
daughter of an Italian, named Perestrello, who had distin-
guished himself as a navigator in the Portugese service, and
with her obtained some valual)le charts, journals and memo-
randa. In August I4Q2, Columbus sailed from Palos. On the
twelfth of October he discovered the Bahama Islands. On
March 15th, 1493, he returned to Spain. Within the next
twelve years Columbus made other voyages, adding immensely
to his \'aluable discoveries. On May 20th, 1506, this, the
world's noblest navigator, died at Valladolid.
Biography furnishes no parallel to the life of Christopher
Columbus. Great men there have been who have met with
disappointment and injustice, but there is perhaps no other
instance of a great man whom disappointment and injustice
did not dishearten and disgust; who had his greatness recog-
nized in his lifetime, and yet was robbed of the emoluments it
entitled him to, and who, after death, had the honor he had so
hardly won conferred upon another. But four hundred years
have nearly passed since Columbus first saw America, and when
that day shall dawn, within the gates of the Columbian Ex-
position— in its streets filled with illustrations of every round
of the ladder, and the charts of e\ery inxention by which
man's power over the forces of nature has been multiplied,
and in the mind of .students, spanning the distance between the
ox-team and the lightning epxress, or contrasting the hulks of
ancient commerce with the great steamships of to-day, will be
found a monument grander far tlian that which Ferdinand
reared in memory of the old explorer.
\^
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand
ArchdukI' Kari. Ludwig ArchduciiI'SS Marii: Theresta
ROB'T. B. JENTZSCH Photo by Gibson
Director-General Old Vienna and Member oj Imperial Austrian Commission
Mr. Rob't B. Jentzsch, a nati\e American, but now a resident of Vienna,
Austria, a ci\il engineer of international reputation, is a member of
the Imperial Austrian Commission, and through courtesy and patriotism
to the Austrian Empire, accepted the arduous duties of Director-General
of Old Vienna. This position he has filled with great credit to himself and
honor to his country. His untiring efforts and phenomenal energy has
placed Old X'ienna as the crowning success of Midway Plaisance.
South Side of Court, Old Vienna
Old Vienna
Of the numerous attractions on the Midway Plaisance there is none
more interesting; than "Old Vienna," and to quote Hon. Carter II.
Harrison, Mayor of Chicago, "There is no other spot in^or about the
Columbian Exposition where one can imagine himself in the old world as
in ' Old Menna.' "
A Glimpse ix Old Vienna
It is located just west of the Ferris Wheel, and from its very quaint
architectural appearance, one cannot fail to notice it. . The entire structure
both externally and internally, is an exact re-production of \'ienna in the
seventeenth century.
The outer walls are in appearance old and weather-beaten, and as
H. N. Higinbotham, President of the Columbian Exposition, has said of
it, " Has a flavor of ancient times that is peculiarly pleasant."
Upon entering: the enclosure one is struck with the wonderful pano-
rama presented, showing, as it does, a square in Vienna, Austria, as it was
two hundred years ago. The quaint shops with their great \ariety of
wares, the large band stand in the center of the court, and the many
exceptionally fine restaurants, all go to make up a scene nowhere else
encountered on the American continent. Old \'ienna as it is here seen is a
glimpse into fairyland.
All day long it is filled w ith throngs of \isitors, but with the coming
of dusk thousands of people gather here to enjoy, as can nowhere else be
enjoyed in the entire Exposition Grounds, an evening of solid comfort and
unalloyed happiness. The entire place seems alive with pleasure. The
shop"^ keepers are busy with their many customers, the restaurants are
crowded to overflowing-, in fact, apparently there is not a spot in Old
Vienna but what is occupied with happy souls, all enjoying themselves in
onelway or another, amid laughter and music.
C. M. ZlEHRER
Director of the Imperial Austrian Band
Occupying the band stand is the Imperial Austrian Band, under the
leadership of that world famous musician and composer, C. M. Ziehrer.
It can be safely stated that in all America there is no finer band to be
found than this one, and but very few that can even compare with it. In
honor of his visit to America Ilerr Ziehrer has composed a military march,
dedicating it to the President of the I'nited States; it is "The Columljian
March," and when rendering this now most popular piece of music, the
applause of the multitude is simply deafening-, so highly is it appreciated.
The band concerts begin daily at 5 o'clock, continuing until 10.
To the exceptionally good management of the enterprise is mainly
due the phenomenal success of Old Vienna.
It is only fair to state that the continued success of this greatL'enter-
prise is largely due to the rare judgment and exceptional business ability
of the merchants and restaurateurs doing business in Old Vienna, in
supplying the wants and gratifying the tastes of the army of daily visitors.
Emil Bressler
Architect of Old Vienna
Occupying^ a large portion of the south-west corner of the court is the
Restaurant and Cafe of Mr. John Rotzer. This enterprising- gentleman
seems blessed with the happy faculty of making everyone around him feel
perfectly at home. His restaurant is one of the most perfectly equipped in
the entire World's Fair.
Mr. John Rotzer was born in Pag:o;stall, Austria, in 1855, and is there-
fore but thirty-eight years of age. He is perfectly familiar ^^■ith the
restaurant business, having been engaged in this line in London, Paris,
John RoTZKK Chas. Antosch
\'ienna, Carlsbad and Francisbad. In his natixe city he owns large \ine-
yards, and when he came to America he imported about $20,000 worth of
wine for his patrons in Old Vienna, therel)y securing the gratitude of all
who ha.\e been fortunate enough to partake of it. He was for three years
a commissioned officer in the Horse Artillery of Austria! Recognizing the
American appreciation of good things, he has opened a genuine Vienna
Bakery in the Douglas Arcade, near 37th Street, Chicago, employing five
bakers direct from Vienna. He supplies not only a large circle of private
families, but quite a large number of the restaurants of the Midway
Plaisance. His restaurant is crowded nightly with crowds of merry people
who fully appreciate his excellent service.
Associated with Mr. Rotzer is Mr. Charles Antosch, his business
manager. Mr. Antosch is a native of \'ienna, Austria, being born there
in 1861. His entire business career has been spent in the hotel business,
being connected with the leading hotels throughout Europe. For the past
seven years he has been manager of the Austrian Court, one of the largest
hotels in Vienna. He came directly from there to his present business, and
after the Exposition is closed, both he and Mr. Rotzer will return to \' ienna,
being highly satisfied with their \isit to America.
John Dottur's Restaurant and Employes
Old Vienna
On the north side of the Court, about opposite the band stand, is the
Restaurant and Cafe of Mr. John Dotter. This is one of the finest restau-
rants in Old Vienna, and is always well supplied with choicest edibles. Mr.
Dotter, the proprietor, having been engaged in the general merchandise
business in his native city, Vienna, Austria, has learned thoroughly the art
of pleasing his customers, as the large patronage enjoyed by him fully at-
tests. His first idea in coming to the Fair was to open a first-class cham-
John Dotter
Photos by GibsoiJ
August C. Collischan
pagne buffet, but afterward thought best to engage in the restaurant busi-
ness. He has proven his good judgment in changing his idea, as he has
certainly made a great success as a restaurateur. In the management of his
business he is very materially assisted by his estimable wife, she being a
lady of quick perception and business sagacity. Mr. August C. Collischan,
general manager for Mr. Dotter, is one of those pleasant mannered gentle-
men that causes one to forget the unpleasant side of life. He is a native of
Nuernberg, Bavaria, Germany, where he was born in 1865. His knowledge
of the restaurant business is most thorough, having attended three exposi-
tions previous to coming to Chicago — those of Vienna, London and Paris.
In 1891 he came to America, and at once engaged in business, opening the
North Star Club, at 551 North Clark Street, Chicago, which he still owns
and operates. Mr. Dotter, learning of his excellent business ability, suc-
ceeded in securing his services during the Exposition, after which he will
resume control of his Chicago business. The Exposition being over, Mr.
Dotter and his wife will return to Vienna.
View ix Old Vienna
Showing Ferris Wheel in the distance
The new ideas that are constantly being- brought forward by invent-
ive genius are always interesting. In the great Fair of 1893 a collec-
tion of novelties is shown that is simply startling in greatness and variety;
but in the west end of Old X'ienna is an exhibit of novelties and bric-a-brac
that has the merit of containing all those most unique and novel. We re-
fer to the booth of Mr. H. J. Skinner, a gentleman whose wide travels and
familiarity with the wants of a buying public, enables him to select only
such articles as will at once strike one's fancy. Among the many novel
articles sold at his booth might be mentioned the walking cane, which an-
swers a double purpose. The cane is hollowed out, and holds a half-pint
of liquid and a small wine glass, yet it is made so neatly as to have the ap-
pearance of a very ordinary stick. Mr. Skinner has been connected as ad
vertising manager with a number of shows, circuses, etc., most notable be-
ing the great Barnum circus.
Entrance to Restaurant and Cafe of Franz Seidl
Southeast Corner Old Vienna
The illustration here given shows the entrance to the Restaurant and
Cafe of Mr. Franz Seidl, a place where pleasure reigns supreme. The
entrance is large and comfortable, and in the center is an elevated stage on
which are given continuously songs and music by a company of pleasing
musicians and vocalists. To visit Father Seidl'sis only to lift one's self into
a realm of delightful joys. The happy faces here so numerously seen, tell
plainly the great ability of the host to provide for his friends and patrons
the contentment of mind so much sought after and so seldom found.
Although Mr. Seidl is here seen as a pleasant and jovial gentleman, yet he
has faced the smoke of battle in defense of his country, in the war with
France, and now carries as a mark of his bravery, wounds received in
battle. After the war he returned to his home in Vienna and engaged in
the restaurant business which he has continued ever since. In 1869 he was
made a member of the city council, which position he still retains. With
the closing of the Exposition he will return to his home feeling satisfied he
has seen the greatest Fair the world will ever know.
Scene in Old Vienna
A rare work of art can be seen in Booth No. 50, in the hne of engra\ed medals.
Stabilimento
Stefano Johnson
Milan, Italy
Medaglia Conlata
pel
IV. Centenarlo
di
Christoforo
Columbo
These Medals were struck in the Laboratory of Stefano Johnson,
Milano. in commemoration of the 400th Anniversary of the Discovery of
America. The work has been pronounced by artists, sculptors and the
lovers of Fine Arts to be the g:em of the Pl.xposition. Mr. C. F. W'igand is
the sole Agent for the sale of them. They are to be had at The Monastery
La Rabida and "Old Vienna." After the close of the Flxposition Mr.
Wigand's address will be 123 F. 71st Street, New Vork.
<
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Joseph Froelich
Pholo by Gibson
Entering- Old Vienna, and turning to your
left, at the extreme northeast corner is the Cafe
and Restaurant of Mr. Joseph Froelich, a place
most inviting- to tired World's Fair visitors.
While enjoying the refreshments that are
served by efficient attendants, you are enter-
tained by the "Royal Hungarian Gypsy Band,"
under the leadership of Mr. Horwarth Mizka, of
Buda-Pesth, Hungary. Concerts are g:iven free
daily from 12 m. to 11 p. m. The enterprise
shown by the genial proprietor in looking after
the wishes of his many patrons is worthy of
note, as he furnishes a regular dinner of four
courses from 12 to 2:30, for sixty cents. Politeness with Mr. Froelich is only
natural, as his entire life, with a few exceptions, has been spent in the hotel
business, being connected with such celebrated hostelries as the Bristol Ho-
tel in Paris, and other large European hotels, and in America with the As-
tor House, Delmonico's and Brunswick of New York, and in the Shoreham
Hotel of Washington, owned by Ex-Vice President Morton. He was an
officer in the Austrian Army, in the Turkish War of 1878.
The lady whose portrait is here
shown, seems perfectly happy, knowing
that to all ladies perfect teeth are one
of the crowning points of beauty; and
her own, she feels, are all that could be
desired. Mr. A. Wiener, of Vienna,
Austria, is located in Booth No. 23, in
charge of the exhibit of F. A. Sarg's,
Sohn & Co. The exhibit is the cele-
brated glycerine tooth cream "Kalo-
DONT."il.The preparation is sold in all
parts of the world, and Mr. Wiener will
place it on sale in all drug stores in
America, after the Fair, at 25 cents a
package. Mr. Wiener has also an ex-
hibit of a new device for holding playing
cards, a thing greatly appreciated when
once used. Another very valuable article sold by him is a Pocket Dispen-
sary, to be used in cases of emergency in relieving persons taken suddenly
ill or meeting with accidents. His booth is located in the south part of the
Court of "Old Vienna."
ScKNE rx Old X'iexxa
Looking West
The interests of Old X^ienna are more than
well represented in the person of its bright and
energetic Press Agent, Mr. Marcus Braun.
This gentleman leaving his home in Hungary
for "green fields and pastures new," came to
America about a year and a half ago and con-
nected himself w ith the "Austro-Hungarian Ga-
i , , 'I zette" in New York City, and by his indomi-
^^jiB^^^^I I table energy and aptitude in his chosen profes-
^^^^^H^^V/j "■ sion soon attracted the attention of the "New
l^^^^^H I s^^mai "^^''^ Herald" with which he was later con-
l^^^H^i^y^lF nected, and is still their correspondent. Being
^^^■HjHH^ sent here by a large German daily newspaper,
^^^B|^^^^ and meeting with such great success, the mana-
gers of Old Vienna secured his ser\aces as Press
Agent, recognizing in him a man of bright per-
ception, excellent judgment and extraordinary ability, an opinion since
proven to be correct by his efforts in their behalf.
Marcus Brai x
Photo by Gibson
More than two thousand years ago
Kini^' Solomon declared "There is nothing"
new under the sun. " Whether we ha\'e
unearthed an in\'ention of the Dark Ages
or proxen the saxings of this wiseacre false,
the fact stands, ne\ ertheless, that Mr. H.
D. Greenwald, whose booth near the north-
west corner in "Old X'ienna" is shown in
the accompanying illustration, has patented
and placed before the public an article of
more than passing interest to the bus>'
Ever Pointed Pencil people of the nineteenth centur\'. The
Interior of Shop in Old Vienna invention referred to is the "Ever Pointed
Pencil." It is a composite pencil being made up of small pieces, placed one
after another in a tube, each piece ha\ing a point on one end, in the other
an indention, therefore when a point of any piece becomes destroyed, the
l)iece is extracted and pushed in again from the opposite end, which forces
a new point forward, thus making an ever pointed pencil, saving not only
time in constant sharpening, but as few people can properly sharpen a
pencil, a great deal of annoyance is done away with. Mr. Greenx\ald
secured his patents in February, 1892, and in addition to ha\ ing a place of
business at 80 Dearborn Street, Chicago, has one also at 50 Howard Street,
Xew York. In the manufacture of these pencils, a shop xvorking only six
person-s can turn out thirty-five gross a day, each gross requiring twenty-
one thousand handlings.
1
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Night-Watch, \'alentine Peters
Old Vienna
Science is but the accumulative knowled;^e of years of experience.
The science of makintj a g'ood cup of coffee is obtained by l)ut few people
indeed, but to the many lovers of this "cup that cheers, but never inebri-
ates," to drink the coffee served at the buffet of Messrs. K. G. Majorossy
and John Juranits, is to enjoy to the fullest all that the name of coffee im-
plies. In connection with this fine coffee is served confections of the finest
quality. Mr! K. G. Majorossy has been engasjed in the confectionery busi-
ness since 1865, and was formerly the proprietor of the Royal Confection-
^
v^^
K. ( ;. Majorossy John Juraxits
ery. in Buda-Pcsth, IIun<^ar\;. He has attended every exposition of note
since 1873, particularK' those of Vienna, Philadelphia, Paris and Buda-
Pesth. He was for a number of years located in Syracuse, N. Y, where he
did a very extensive business, receiving; orders from all parts of America,
he beinij so widely and favorably known. The "Major," as he is called by
his numerous friends, will attend the exposition at San Francisco, where
the great reputation he has already earned is sure to be appreciated by the
ofood people of the Far West.
Mr. John Juranits, partner ol Mr. Majorossy, is a confectioner of
twenty-one years practice, and to sa\' that he has attained the hio^hest per-
fection in his business would be simply stating' a fact thoroug;hly known by
his friends and patrons. He has been connected with the \ery finest con-
fectioneries of Austria, Hun;^ar\- and (icrniain-. lie was for a number of
years employed in the celebrated establishment of l\.ug;ler's Royal Confec-
tionery, Buda-Pesth, Hunirary, whose nameissynonomous with e\ery thing"
that is first-class in the wa>' of confections. He resig'ned his position in
Buda-Pesth to eng'agfe as partner in the business now being- operated so
successfully by himself and Mr. Maioross\- in the west entl of Old \"ienna.
Mr. Paul Geiiach, late of Dresden, Germany, has on exhibition in
"Old \'ienna," No. 22, one of the most interesting exhibits to be seen in the
entire World's Fair, It consists of a wonderful assortment of fine Oil
Paintings on cedar wood. The subjects embrace everything to be imagined,
and must be seen to be appreciated. They are all for sale at extremely
moderate prices. Lovers of Art cannot possibly take home a finer souve-
nir than one of these paintings, as the\' arc all perfect gems.
The exhibit of Graeco-Egyptian paintings of Mr. Theodor Graf, loca-
ted in the City Hall of "Old Vienna," is without question a collection to be
seen but once in a life time, and, to the lovers of art, an inspection of these
paintings is a treat of the rarest kind.
Southwest Cornmr Old X'ienna
S7 1?^ ^
G. \V. G. Fkuris
Originator of the Great Ferris H'/ieel on Mii/icay Flaisance
'iHii Great Ferris Wheel
ThC PERRia WtieCL.
The conception of this wonderful structure originated in the brain of
Mr. G. W. G. Ferris, a consulting and constructing- civil engineer, of
Pittsburg, Pa., the firm of which he is president being G. W. G. Ferris cK:
Co. Their principal work was in building bridges, and there is scarcely a
piece of bridge work undertaken in America during the past few years in
which they have not had a hand. The firm is the largest of its kind in the
world. Mr. Ferris was among the first who thought of some great attrac-
tion for the World's Fair, and the idea of constructing a great observation
wheel as a ri\al of the Eifel Tower of the last Paris Exposition was the
feat to be accomplished. The Fair management had many suggestions to
draw from, and the fact that the best engineers of the world haci offered
plans for something great was all the more honor to Mr. Ferris when his
plans were accepted. It was not until December, 1892, that the concession
was granted, and $25,000 had been expended in plans and specifications alone.
The orders were placed for the material as soon as possible, aijd the metal
was yet in the pig in January, 1893. In March the ground was broken for
the foundations, about the 20th — and the completed wheel began to turn
on June 20th. It is safe to say that from its incipiency to its finish, no such
work has been accomplished with such perfect accuracy in so short a time,
during the present century.
The wheel is composed of two wheels of the same size, connected and
held together with rods and struts, which, however, do not approach closer
than twenty feet to the periphery. Each wheel has for its outline a curved,
hollow, square iron beam, 25^x19 inches. At a distance of 40 feet within
this circle is another circle of a lighter beam. These beams are called
crowns, and are connected and held together by an elaborate trusswork.
Within this smaller circle there are no beams, and at a distance there
appears to be nothing. But at the center of the great wheel is an immense
iron axle, 32 inches thick and 45 feet in length. Each of the twin wheels,
where the axle passes through it, is provided with a large iron hub, 16 feet
in diameter. Between these hubs and the inner "crowns" there are no
connections except spoke rods lyi inches in diameter, arranged in pairs, 13
feet apart at the crown connection. At a distance they look like mere
spider webs, and the wheel seems to be dangerously devoid of substantial
support. The explanation of this is that the Ferris Wheel — at least inside
the smaller crowns — is constructed on the principle of a bicycle wheel.
The lower half is suspended from the axle by the spoke rods running-
downward, and the upper half of the wheel is supported by the lower half.
All the spoke rods above the axle, when it is in any given position, might
be removed, and the wheel would be as solid as it would be with them.
The only difference is that the Ferris Wheel hangs by its axle, while a
bicycle wheel rests on the ground, and the weight is applied downward on
the axle.
The thirty-six carriages of the great wheel are hung on its periphery
at equal intervals. Each car is 27 feet long, 13 feet wide and g feet high.
It has a heavy frame of iron, but is covered externally with wood. It has
a door, and five broad plate glass windows on each side. The wheel with
its cars and passengers weighs about 1,200 tons, and therefore needs some-
thing substantial to hold it up. Its axle is supported on two skeleton iron
towers, pyramidal in form, one at each end of it. They are 40x50 feet at
the bottom, and 6 feet square at the top, and about 140 feet high, the side
next to the wheel being perpendicular, and the other sides slanting. Each
tower has four great feet, and each foot rests on an underground concrete
foundation 20x20x20 feet. Cross bars of steel are laid at the bottom of the
concrete, and the feet of the tower are connected with and bolted to them
with iron rods.
Each of the thirty-six cars has forty revolving chairs, made of wire
and screwed to the floor. It weighs 13 tons, and with its forty passengers
will weigh three tons more. It is suspended from the periphery of the
wheel by an iron axle 65^ inches in diameter, which runs through the roof.
It is provided with a conductor to open the doors, preserve order and give
information. The wheel is never left to itself, but is always directly and
constantly controlled by a steam engine. The machinery is very similar
to that used in the power houses of the cable car companies. It operates a
north and south iron shaft 12 inches in diameter, with great cog wheels at
each end, by means of which the power is applied at each side of the
wheel.
The wheel is 250 feet in diameter, 825 feet in circumference and 30
feet wide, and is elevated 15 feet above the ground. The great wheel is
also provided with brakes. Near the north and south ends of the main
shaft are two lo-foot wheels with smooth faces and girdled with steel
bands. These bands terminate a little to one side in a large Wcstinghouse
air-brake. If, therefore, anything should break, and the engine fail to
work, the air can be turned into the air-brake, and the steel bands tightened
until not a wheel in the whole machine can turn.
Many people have an idea that the sensation of going around the
wheel is not altogether an agreeable one. On the contrary: if one were
to go around with closed eyes there would be no knowledge whatever that
the wheel was in motion. The sensation is never diagreeable, but always
delightful. There is not the slightest suggestion of dizziness or sea
sickness, and e\"en the most timid lose all fear after the wheel has moved
around but a few feet.
To those who have any fears about the wheel's perfect safety, it is
enough to say that every rod, bolt, girder and beam was thoroughly tested
by the firm of G. W. G. Ferris 6c Co., inspectors for the United States
government, before it was accepted. The strains from every point were
calculated by Mr. W. F. Gronau, Mr. Ferris' chief assistant, and they were
made as perfect and strong as human brain could conceive. The fact
that a gale passed over the wheel with no miles an hour velocity ought to
be sufficient evidence that the work is as stable and solid as the Rock of
Gibraltar. To the most cynical and doubting, the assurance is gi\en by
Mr. I'erris that it would be an impossibility to secure greater safety than
in the wheel.
The promoters of the great Ferris Wheel enterprise are now satisfied
that the cost — $300,000, will be more than realized, with the chances fax^or-
ing an overplus of $500,000. It is a question if a similar success was e\-er
attained in America.
It is impossible to obtain a more charming panorama of the White
City and Chicago than from the Ferris Wheel. As the visitor gradually
ascends the scene constantly enlarges, much as is noticed from a balloon
ascension. To the north, south and west the city seems to lift itself into
vision; while towards the east the World's Fair buildings rise one after the
other until when the highest point is reached a complete bird's-eye view is
presented. The blue waters of Lake Michigan spread out, encircling the
city, while the shores of Michigan, 50 miles away, are easily discernible on
a clear day. There are very few words spoken by the people on the cars
at this point, the general feeling being one of silent admiration and inspira-
tion. The Midway Plaisance diminishes into village proportions, the motly
crowd looking like an army of pigmies.
If the day view is beautiful, at night it is like a \ision of fairyland.
The myriad lights in the Fair grounds and city seem like so many stars
enlarged and dropped from the skies. Nothing could be more inspiring,
and the visitor carries away the one remembrance of enchantment akin to
the splendor and gorgeousness of the Arabian Xights. Xo one should fail
to ride on the wheel by night.
The feat of lighting" the wheel by electricity is considered by all the
experts to be one of the most remarkable and interesting at the Fair. The
great difficulty to overcome was in getting the current on the shaft (as it
turned two ways), and also in getting the lamps on the wheel without
losing any current on the steel frame. This was finally accomplished by
means of collector-rings placed on the axle, and there are now 720 lights
on the outer circle, 504 on the inner circle, 250 on the towers, 320 on the
portals under the towers, 500 on the fence enclosure, besides enough on
spokes and other points to run the number up to nearly 3,000. The plant is
700 feet from the base of the wheel, from which the current is carried by
L. V. Rich
Superinte}ident of the Ferris Wheel
underground okinite conductors. The plant consists of two 500-light
Edison dynamos and two 800 Western Electric dynamos, which are driven
by two Dick &: Church compound engines. Experiments are constantly
being made, and new features of lighting added nearly every week. The
appearance of the great wheel at present is certainly one of wondrous
beauty, and is the center of attraction to thousands at the Fair and over
the city.
The management of a great enterprise like the Ferris Wheel, of
course, requires no little executive ability.' It is safe to say that no such
important work as this ever had more skillful direction, or more accurate
details in caring for its interests. The construction was superintended by
Mr. L. V. Rice, formerly Superintendent of the great St. Louis bridge,
and he has been in charge since the wheel was opened for the public. Mr.
Rice's services are properly valued by Mr. Ferris.
Mr. Rice was born near Lodoga, Indiana, in 1864, graduating at one
of the smaller Indiana colleges, he took a special course in Ci\'il Engineer-
ing' at Cornell l'ni\crsity in 1885-86, tittin;^" himself most thoroui^hly for the
active life he has since experienced. During- the construction of the Fifth
street cable line of Kansas City, in 1886-87 his duties were those of rodman
and transitman. He was the assistant engineer in the building of the Neb-
raska City bridge in i888-8q. In 1889-QO he was engaged as assistant engi-
neer and draughtsman in the building of the Merchant's bridge at St. Louis,
Mo., and was first assistant engineer of the Central bridge over the Ohio
River, in 1890-91, of which Mr. G. W. G. Ferris was chief engineer. During
'91-92 he was bridge engineer and chief draughtsman of the F.&: L. E. R.R.
of Pittsburgh, Pa. Being offered the important position of resident engi-
neer of the new St. Louis Union Depot, one of the largest buildings ever con-
structed, he occupied the same until the latter part of '92 when he resigned
to superintend the construction of the great Ferris Wheel. Of the many
arduous duties connected with the management of so great an enterprise as
the Ferris Wheel, it is not the least among them to reply to the thousands
of queries made by the large number of press representatives that daily
visit the wheel. In this particular, Mr. Rice has acquitted himself most
creditably, conducting himself at all times in a way that is most pleasing to
the questioner, yet showing a perfect disregard to the ennui that he must
of necessity feel from the repetition of his replies.
The enormous size of the Ferris Wheel may be more readily under-
stood by persons not visiting the Fair by the following anecdote: A for-
lorn looking fellow came wandering up the Midway, feeling very dejected
in spirits, as he had spent all of his money, and at this particular time did
not possess as much coin of the realm as would buy a postage stamp. Com-
ing to a sudden stop on observing the wheel, he asked a by-stander to tell
him "what that big thing w^as ?" The person addressed, \\ith much surprise
at the questioner's ignorance of the greatest attraction of the Fair, in-
formed him that it was the great Ferris Wheel, to w^hich the moneyless man
replied, " 'Tis ? Why, I thought it w^as a dollar."
Following are the names and occupations of the "Employes of the Ferris Wheel," whose portraits are
shown on the preceding page:
1, L.V. Rice, superintendent; 2, E. N. Braucher, conductor, 3, C. D. Williams, conductor; 4, G. H.
Turkington, guard; 5, C. D. Riddle, conductor; 6, D. A. Murray, engineer; 7, W. E. Smith, guard; 8, C. H.
Kreider, chief engineer; 9, W. T. Hunter, oiler; 10, D. S. Slater, watchman; ir, Frank A. Lyle, conductor; 12,
J. H. Hunter, electrician; 13, John Lehner, conductor; 14, H. E. Hogan, oiler; 15, Dick Gill, foreman; 16, A. J.
Correll, fireman; 17, H. O. Newton, conductor; 18, Harry Goodwin, conductor; ig, Harry W. Hill, ticket seller;
20, Wm. Sylvester, conductor; 21, G. C. Mavor, conductor; 22, A. J. DeMers, conductor; 23, W. H. Dean, elec-
trical engineer; 24, H. J. Niickols, guard; 25, Vietch Knapp, conductor; 26 Ed. S. Gregg, conductor; 27, Harry
Simon, guard; 28, O. P. Robinson, conductor. 29, C. F. Carhart, conductor; 30, B. W. Dutton, conductor; 31,
Arch, .\llston, Jr., gateman; 32, G. B. Spaulding, head conductor; 33, W. H. Xault, gateman; 34, Willis Clark,
conductor; 35, I. R. Hazen, guard, 36 Henry Gillespie, conductor; 37, C. S. Kevan, conductor; 38, J. S. Mc-
Cracken, conductor; 39, A. A. Lawrence, conductor; 40, C. M. Hart, conductor; 41, S. L. Shriver, conductor;
42, Wm. Davis, conductor.
Tm ICn R,AIE)WAq
It is usual to speak of artificial refrigeration and ice making- as an in-
fant industry, having before it a brilliant future. It would seem, however,
that an industry which requires for its sustenance about two million tons of
coal annually, producing in the same time the equivalent of some thirty-six
million tons of ice, is tolerably vigorous, and whatever may be its future
growth it is certain that its present healthy condition is largely due to lager
beer; a statement which may be recei\'ed with mixed feelings. It was for
along time a very sickly child, and it is to be regretted that the parents
have not lived to see the complete justification of their seemingly extrava-
gant hopes.
Nearly the whole of the business has been developed during the last
ten years, and this notwithstanding the fact that all the principles involved
have been long well-known, and, moreover, in the decade from 1850 to i860
practical machines were produced to all intents and purposes identical with
the various types now in use. As early as 1850, Prof. Alexander C. Twin-
ing, of New Haven. Conn., commenced experiments with the compression
machine, using a volatile liquid (ether), and in 1855, he produced a machine
capable of making 1,600 pounds of ice in twenty-four hours. This, with im-
provements in mechanical details, has become the compression machine of
to-day. In 1851, Dr. John Gorrie patented and built in New Orleans a ma-
chine for mechanical refrigeration, using a non-liquefiable gas, namely, the
air. This may be considered the parent of the cold air machine, which in
England has reached a high degree of perfection for special use in connec-
tion with ship cooling. Finally, in i860, F. Carre introduced the absorption
system of which the modern plants on this plan are merely variations and
improvements.
It would seem, therefore, that nearly forty years ago e\-erything was
ready for the introduction of refrigerating machinery, but as a matter of
fact all these plans fell flat with the exception of the Carre absorption ma-
chine which received a limited number of applications. The development
of mechanical refrigeration is really due to its application to another indus-
try, which during the last thirty years has in this country grown to immense
proportions
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Lager beer breweries required large quantities of ice to maintain their
cellars at a low temperature, and it was soon perceived that not only could
refrigeration be produced more cheaply by artificial means than it cc^uld be
by the use of ice, but the immense ice houses forming the usual adjunct to
a lager beer brewery be entirely dispensed with, and the cellars maintained
at a low temperature without actual manufacture of ice. This resulted in
a double advantage: the saving of room occupied by ice houses, and an
economy in the actual cost of refrigeration effected. The reason for this
latter is readily understood when we consider that to make ice the water
has to be cooled to the freezing point, then when exposed for a time to the
cooling agent the ice has to be transported to the cellars or ice houses.
But by performing the refrigeration inside the cellars themselves we avoid
this handling and losses attending it, and also the preliminary cooling of
the water above referred to. The brewers are able and willing to take the
necessary risk incidental to new enterprises in order to secure these advant-
ages, and offered such a chance for erecting machines to supplant the use
of ice, that a number of enterprising men devoted all their talent and en-
ergy to the perfecting of this class of machinery. After the breweries came
the slaughter houses, pork and beef packers, cold storage men, and simul-
taneously in the Southern States ice manufactories. The manufacture of
ice, however, was regarded as of secondary importance until the two un-
precedentedly mild winters of 1888-1889 and 1889-1890 at last brought the
industry of ice making into the Northern States, and the result has been so
satisfactory in a commercial way that at the present day one or more ice
factories are to be found in nearly ex'ery Northern city of importance. To
this result considerations of hygiene have largely contributed, for it has
been found that the manufactured ice is much purer than the ice har\'ested
from the streams, lakes and ponds near the large centres of population.
New applications are constantly being found for mechanical refriger-
ation. It was but a simple step to pass from the cooling of cellars to the
cooling of storage rooms for perishable produce, such as meat, poultry,
butter, eggs, fruit, etc., and nearly- e\'ery town is now pro\ided with cold
storage houses.
The floating cold storage houses, or the refrigerated hold of a ship,
for transportation of meat has practically supplanted the live cattle busi-
ness, and given a wonderful impetus to the exportation of meat, particularly
from countries \-ery far removed from the market. Mechanical refriger-
ation is also used with advantage in many chemical and manufacturing
operations, such as the separation of salts, purification of oil, etc., and one
of the most singular applications made of it is that of sinking shafts in
quicksands, cooling pipes being; sunk in a circle and a solid wall produced
by freezing the soft ground.
The theory of mechanical refrigeration need not be discussed. Every-
one at the present day knows that heat is not a material substance, but en-
ergy; that it can be removed either by transferring it from one body to an-
other or by transforming it into work. All heat remo\'ed by mechanical
process is first transformed into work; in the cold-air machines it is expended
on the piston of the expansion cylinder; in the ammonia machines the
bulk of it is employed in set-
ting the molecules in motion —
causing them to swing at such a
rate that they unlock themselves
from the liquid, and become a gas.
The Works of the De La Vergne
Refrigerating Machine Co., we
believe to be the largest and most
complete works in existence de-
500-TON DE LA. VERGNE REFRIGERATING MACHINE. LARGEST IN THE WORLD.
Erected for The Anheuser Busc/i KrewingCo., St. Louis, Mo.
voted to the manufacture of refrigerating machinery. They are situated in
the City of New York, at the foot of East 138th Street. This company was
organized in 1880, and since its existence has erected six hundred machines
and plants, all of which are now in successful operation. The total capacity
of these machines, taken together, represents the cooling effected by the
melting of over thirty- five thousand tons of ice exery day.
They are distributed over the whole world, and are employed for the
refrigeration of such establishments as require low temperature throughout
the year— breweries, abattoirs, packing houses, cold storage houses, markets.
oil refineries, mineral water factories, chocolate factories, chemical works,
hotels and restaurants, steamships, etc., and in ice factories.
They have made the highest reputation as to their perfection in work-
manship, and are the most durable and economical machines known. The
cooling- agent employed is anbydrous ammonia, which is the best known for
purposes of refrigeration and and ice making.
The leading breweries of Chicago are equipped with the De La
Vergne Refrigerating Machine Co.'s machines, and their system — direct
expansion.
The Ice Railway, located just south of the Ferris Wheel, was designed
and erected by the De La Vergne Refrigerating Machine Co. This unique
exhibit shows that in addition to refrigerating and ice making, skating rinks
and amusements of this character can be produced by this system — direct
expansion.
Midsummer sleighing on real snow is delightful, refreshing and exhil-
arating. The Ice Railway furnishes all this, and is a most pleasing and
attractive novelty. As a genuine novelty it has attained a great notoriety,
as the following extracts from various newspapers will attest. Just three
days before the opening of the Ice Railway, the Chicago Inter Ocean said
of it:
"As wonderful as the Ferris Wheel and equally the outcome of modern engineering and inventive genius
is the Ice Railvi'ay, which is erected and operated by the De La Vergne Refrigerating Machine Company, of New
York, the oldest and largest refiigerating company in the world. It is next to the Ferris Wheel and will divide
the honors when in operation, which will be soon. It consists of a long elliptical plane like a toboggan slide,
which, in fact, it is, on which is a heav}- coating of snow, is made and kept by two De La Vergne Ice Refriger-
ating Machines, one of 65 tons, the other 50 tons. It is wonderful to see pure snow crystals glistening in the hot
summer sun and torrid temperature of June, and shows as nothing else could do the vast advance in ice refrigera-
tion, due to the efforts of John C. De LaVergne, president of the De La Vergne Company, and for years the only
advocate of the direct exposition system, which is now coming into such universal use. At either end of the
ellipse formed by the Ice Railway are the handsome pavilion and power house. The first and second stories of
the airy pavilion are fine places to take refreshments, and where no doubt the Laplanders and Eskimo will come
to cool off when hot at their managers.
"In the towers are commodious reception rooms for visitors. The architecture of the buildings and rail-
way is novel and attractive in design."
The Chicago Times, under date of June 22d, says:
' 'Coasting on a bob-sled over 850 feet of real ice in the dead of summer is what thousands of people have
been doing in Midway Plaisance the last few days. It is almost incomprehensible that a smooth roadway of
glistening ice 850 feet long and nearly four feet wide should be found resisting the furious attacks of the torrid
sun and remaining as solidly frozen and as compact as Arctic explorers find the crystallized waters near the
north pole, but such is the solemn fact. And after it is all explained the mystery is easilv understood.
"This Ice Railway is one of the most marvelous of a number of marvels which exist in Jlidway Plais-
ance. It is just south and back of the great Ferris Wheel, and it is such a novel, ingenious, and interesting con-
trivance that it is destined to divide with the big wheel the interest of those who like new and pleasurable sen-
sation. And its greatest charm for such is the fact that it costs only the trifling sum of ten cents to make the
delightful trip.
"The Ice Railway, as it is called, at once an example of inventive genius and the successful application
in a novel manner of the principles of refrigeration, a business which in the last few years has reached an extent
and importance such as not many people realize. It consists of inclosed frame buildings, which form a species of
ellipse, and occupy a space 400x60 feet, the first figures representing the length east and west, and the second
the breadth. Running the full length of this inclosed space is a track which, as stated, is S50 feet around and
is 44^1 inches wide. On either side are guards of heavy girders several inches high. The surface of this track
between the guards contains a coat of ice nearly an inch thick, and over this smooth and glistening substance
bob-sleighs, each containing four leather- cushioned seats and accommodating eight persons, glide with the
velocity of a toboggan and the ease of a coaster to the merry jingle of silver bells.
"The sleighs are started on a slight decline and gathering force iu the run of several feet mount with the
aid of a cable a gradual incline, which is twenty-five feet high at its summit. The sleighs attach themselves au-
tomatically to this cable, and when it performs its work in pulling them to the top of the hill the jaws of the
sleighs automatically release the cable, and the bobs are ready to make their descent down the opposite side.
"It is then the fun begins. Ladies grab the backs of seats in front of them spasmodically at the first
'down-hiir hint, but when they find that the sensation is one of exquisite pleasure, and that there is not the
slightest cause for fear, they resign themselves to the full enjoyment of the pleasurable and delightful feeling,
and away the sleigh goes, rounds the curve with a swish, and draws up before the starting point as subservient
to the driver's brake as a well trained horse to the deft but mild restraint of his master.
'■It is great fun. No toboggan ride or coasting trip is to be compared with it, because toboggans and
coasters wobble from side to side and don't pursue a straight course. The sleighs of the Ice Railway are entirely
even and regular, and make no swaying motion because the guards or girders hold them in place and revolv-
ing wheels or bumpers on the sleighs act as guides and maintain them on a fixed line.
"But about the ice. People themselves can ride in the sleighs and experience the delicious sensation of
coasting down a hill an eighth of a mile long, but they cannot discover how ice an inch thick can be maintained
in the open air when the thermometer is 90 degrees with nothing but a light awning separating it from the
broiling sun. Their curiosity centers on this marvel of modern science, and it ought to be gratified. The Ice
Railway as an idea was evolved by Thomas L Rankin, an able inventor and the patentee of this application of
centrifugal force. The agency which worked it out and supplied the engineering and mechanical skill to stamp
it as one of the great features of the Chicago Exposition is the Ue La Vergne Refrigerating Machine Company
iS^
Ice R.vil\\ av, Midway Plaisance
of New York City, a corporation which does a business of $2,000,000 a year, and by the application of approved
methods of refrigeration bj- artificial means has brought the matter of chilling and ice making up to the highest
state of development it has yet attained.
"The Company has gone to an expense of f 100,000 to locate at the World's Fair a plant which, while
large, is small compared with its biggest single product. The Ice Railway is practically its exhibit, and to pro-
duce it the Company has in the space covered two refrigerating machines of sixty-five and fifty tons respectively
run by two Corliss cut-off" engines of a mean aggregate development of 145-horse power, besides a twin cylinder
engine which operates the cable. The refrigerating agent used is anhydrous ammonia. It is subjected to a
pressure varying from 125 to 175 pounds to the square inch, and the heat is squeezed out of it and withdrawn by
forcing it through coils of pipe while the latter are in contact with cold water. The heat is then transferred to
the water surrounding the coils. The liquified gas obtained in this waj' then enters nine coils of expansion pipe
two inches in diameter, which run longitudinally around the track and are covered by bars of iron three-eighths
of an inch thick and two inches wide laid laterally and imbedded in sand. Having entered these pipes, the
pressure on the interior of which is maintained at a lower point than that required for maintaining the gas in a
liquid state, the liquified gas re-expands and extracts from the pipes and the substances surrounding them the
same quantity of heat that was previously given up by the gas to the water used during the condensation and
liquifaction. The result is an ice-cold condition of the lateral bars of iron, which, coming in contact with the
moisture in the air, freezes it so that it lays on the track in the form of as perfect snow an inch deep as anyone
ever saw in midwinter. The wide runners of the bobs, gliding over the congealed air, flattens it into perfect ice,
and there j-ou have the Ice Railway. As long as the temperature in the pipes, with which the lateral strips of iron
are in contact, is maintained at a low enough temperature no amount of summer heat will melt the snow.
' ' So far as the safety of the Railway is concerned it is entirely safe and there is no danger whatever.
Every precaution has been taken to make the slightest accident impossible. The sleighs which are driven
tandem are attached to the bobs by the stoutest king- bolts, but in order to further insure their perfect safety wrought
iron rods run through Ihe center of each vehicle and the rod of the hind sleigh connects with the rod of the
forward one and insures rigidity. To the grown boj' as well as to the small boy the Ice Railway appeals for
innocent recreation and fun. The buildings surrounding it and part of the attraction are verj- ornate.
They have what might be called roof gardens, which are commodious and command a delightful breeze and the
prettiest view of the Ferris Wheel and the surrounding panorama anywhere obtainable. In every way the Ice
Railway is a healthful, clean and interesting feature of the Midway, and it will become one of the popular
attractions of that remarkable adjunct to the fair. The character and standing of the De La Vergne Company,
which operates the railway, is a guarantee that it is well conducted and a substantial enterprise. Besides this
exhibit the.De La Vergne Company exhibits a i5o-ton refrigerating machine a little west of the north main
entrance of Machinery Hall and a working model of its machine from the patent office at Washington in the
Government Building. In addition to this the Bartholomay Brewing Company of Rochester, N. Y., has a
complete model of a brewery in operation, in the Agricultural Building, containing one of the De La Vergne
machines."
The Chicag-o Dispatch, July 8th, says:
"Yesterday the thermometer nearly reached the one hundredth degree mark, and to-day is not much
cooler, yet amidst this sultry heat of midsummer many thousands of visitors to the Midway Plaisance can, and
many did, enjo\- the enviable pleasure of a genuine sleigh ride on pure white snow.
"Not imitation snow, but the pure crystal itself. It is in itself worth a trip to Chicago and to the World's
Fair grounds from the summer heat prevailing throughout the surrounding country to come and enjoj* this
unique exhibit. For while combining the greatest amount of enjoyable pleasure to the merry jingle of silver
sleighbells over smooth glistening snow, it is at the same time an e.xhibit of the De La Vergne Refrigerating
Machine Company, of New York, showing their process of manufacturing artificial ice and snow by their double
acting compressor, using anhydrous ammonia in its process by the direct expansion application.
"It is without a doubt the triumph of the nineteenth century. To thus overcome the forces of nature,
to thus battle against the intense heat of a summer's sun and have lying outdoors beautiful snow for men, wo-
men and children to glide over with a speed both exciting and thrilling.
"Since the opening of this new Ice Railway a few days since, thousands of visitors have availed them-
selves daily of this greatest pleasure on Midway, and the letters written to their homes are filled with glowing
accounts of a sleigh ride in midsummer. Everyone should visit this and enjoy a ride. It is on Midwaj', just
south of the Ferris Wheel."
The Chicago Tribune, July Qth, says:
" A sleighride with the thermometer hovering around 90" would ordinarily be considered paradoxical!
but .\merican skill and genius has made it a possibility.
" ImniediateU' south of the Ferris Wheel on the Midway Plaisance, is located the Ice Railway, where a
most delightful sleighride can be had at any hour that the Exposition is open to the public. It will prove to be
a never-to-be-forgotten experience and should be participated in by ever}' Exposition visitor.
"This Ice Railwaj- is the exhibit of the De La Vergne Refrigerating Machine Company of New York City,
and while it contributes more largely to the enjoyment of the visitor than any other attraction on the grounds
it is especially designed to illustrate the working of their refrigerating process, which is termed the direct expan-
sion system.
"Their plant here has been erected regardless of expense and so appreciated is it by the general public
that it is proving one of the chief attractions of the Midway Plaisance."
The Chicago Herald, July 4th, says:
"It seems increditable that World's Fair \nsitors in July can take a sleigh ride on real snow. The Ice
Railway is one of the leading attractions on the Midway Plaisance, near the Ferris Wheel, and thousands of vis-
itors will enjoy a ride to-day on this remarkable invention. It is erected and operated by the De La Vergne
Refrigerating JIachine Company of New York, which also has fine exhibits in the Government Building,
Agricultural Building and Machinery Hall.
The above extracts are a few of thousands of press notices the Ice
Railway are recei\incr daily from all parts of the countr\-, which give suffi-
cient evidence of the uniqueness of this novel exhibit. It is truly wonderful
and will be remembered by visitors to the Exposition as one of the most
interesting of all the exhibits seen.
Col. Wm. L. Distin, one of the proprietors, is the efficient manager.
His residence is in Ouincy, 111., where he has had years of experience in the
produce, cold storag-c and ice making business. To him great credit is due
for making the Ice Railway the great success it has attained, and one of
the most popular resorts at the World's Fair. Col. Distin is a genial and
pleasant gentleman, and has the happy faculty of making visitorslfeel "at
home." He is Past Commander Department of Illinois, G. A. R. To all
he gives a warm welcome. He is modest and unassuming, and possesses
>i
Manager Ice Railway
wonderful executive ability. Col. Distin will ha\e the honor of being man-
ager of the first Ice Railway ever put in operation.
The officers of the De La Vergne Refrigerating Machine Co. are:
John C. DeLa Vergne, President; Louis Block, Vice-President; Louis E.
De La Vergne, Treasurer; Charles H. Cone, Secretary.
They have branch offices in Philadelphia, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Chi-
cago, San Francisco, New Orleans, and in London, Eng.; Glasgow, Scot-
land; Chamond ( Loire), France.
Princess Hulalia and Hscort
On Midway Plaisaitce
Midway Plaisaxce
Loohing East from Western Entrance
VoLCaNo of ¥)mQuza
The Volcano of Kilauea, as an educational exhibit is equal to any-
thing at the Great Fair. It is a correct and faithful representation of the
world's g-reat mystery — an active volcano — made from studies on the spot.
The original Volcano of Kilauea is on the Island of Hawaii, in the
Hawaiian Islands, two thousand miles southwest of San Francisco.
X'OLCANO OF KiLAUK.V
It is located 14 miles from the sea at an elevation of 4,000 feet, on the
flank of Mauna Loa, which rises to a height of over 13,000 feet.
The new \"olcano of Kilauea is on the Midway Plaisance, opposite
Old Vienna.
Language utterly fails to adequately describe the awful grandeur of
the vast crater and the terrible fascination of the mighty forces constantly
in action within its frowning walls, but a few volcanic facts will give some
conception of what the \-olcano is and its method of action.
The western walls of the crater are massivx overhanging precipices
of jagged lava, seamed with chasms and earthquake cracks, rising sheer 500
feet and more from the black desolation at their base, and stretching away
at their tops into miles of sandy deserts.
On the east side of the crater a kixuriant tropical forest covers the
surrounding country, and oxerflows dt)\\n the banks to the \"ery floor of
the crater, vividly contrasting its delicate ferns and creepers, its brilliant scar-
let blossoms and its many shaded green foliage with the glistening black of
the freshly frozen lava. The distinctive characteristics of the crater is perpet-
ual change. Each day and each hour works a more or less radical change in
the landscape. The lakes of liquid lava are found in no other volcano.
They are actual lakes of boiling, hissing, seething lava, varying from 50 to
1,200 feet in diameter and extending to unknown depths, within which the
liquid blood red lava surges against the imprisoned walls in great breakers of
fire, dashing its red hot spray into the air, while from its depths masses of mol-
VlSTAS OF KiLAUEA — A BlOW HoLE
ten rock burst upward in mighty billows, jets and fountains, flinging the
molten metal aloft in a wild confusion of scintillating fireworks.
The volcano at the World's Fair is a life like representation of the
great volcano. The spectator approaches through a passage way which
gives an interior view of the blow holes and laxa tubes, lined with sta-
lactites formed by a splashing up of lava, and finally arrives at a point
of \iew on the lava at the center of the crater. Actixe lakes, blow holes
and lava streams are in the immediate foreground, the surrounding walls
of the crater are in the middle distance, with a background formed by the
snow capped mountains of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa on one side suc-
ceeded by the sweep around the circle by the wooded hills of Hilo, which
in turn melts on the l)road l)lue Pacific on the horizon. A distingfuishiny:
feature of the exhibit will be the production of electrical and mechanical
devices of fire effects, and hot lava eruptions of a realistic and startliny^
character.
There is no record of the day when Kilauea first reared its head above
the blue waters of the Pacific. It is one of the few survivors of the great
world builders, which, at the dawn of creation and for thousands of years
thereafter built mountains and raised continents from the bottom of the
sea. The volcano on the Fair (Grounds is the growth of o\'er two years of
study and work. It was constructed in its entirety by Walter \\\ Hurridge,
the Chicago artist, who visited the volcano in 1891, making his sketches and
X'lSIAS OI- KiL.AUMA
Studies on the ground. He was ably assisted by C. H. Ritter, who con-
structed the foreground. In mechanical detail the cyclorama consists of
a painting 400 feet long by 50 feet high, suspended in a circle around a fore-
ground of realistic lava flows, blow holes, crags and chasms marvelously
real. The exhibit is entirely by electric light, the fire effects produced
being wonderful in their intensity. The entire production is a masterpiece of
art and realism. The financial cost of the exhibit has been l)orne entirely by
Honolulu capitalists, a corporation with a capital stock of $82,000 ha\ing
been formed to build it. While the volcano is a stern reality it has its
poetry in Pele, the Hawaiian Goddess of Fire. The traditions say that she
was the most beautiful woman that ever lived, and the most capricious.
She made her home on \arious islands from which she was successi\-ely
driven by the water god Kamapuaa, who had the body of a man and the
head of a hog". She finally took refuge in the volcano of Kilauea, where
she maintains herself to this da>'. Wlienever her wrath was excited she
would turn into a lava flow or throw masses of hot rocks and overwhelm
her enemies. A statue of the fair goddess 25 feet in height has been erected
over the entrance of the volcano building. It represents her seated upon a
lava flow, a torch of fire extended aloft in one hand and a mass of lava
which she is about to throw, in the other. Her hair is blown wildly back
and there is a terrible frown upon her beautiful face, as she prepares to annihil-
ate her enemies. 'i"he statue is the largest but one in the entire Fair Grounds.
It was designed, and executed by Mrs. Ellen Rankin Copp, of Chicago.
ViST.vs oi'- Kilauea
The management of the volcano is under the direction of Mr. \\'m.
F. Sesser, of St. Joseph, Mich., a gentleman of pronounced executive abil-
ity, and he has left nothing undone to make this exhibit one of the \ery
best attractions at the Fair. In order to more fully represent Hawaii, he
secured a quartette of native Hawaiians of more than ordinary musical
ability. The sweet singing of this quartette is beyond doubt a feature of
the Midway Plaisance. They are cultured gentlemen, and all speak En-
glish fluently. In singing, they are arranged as follows: ist tenor, Mr.
Keoni Maipinepine; 2d tenor, Mr. Keoni Elemene; baritone, Mr. A. O.
East Kahualualii; bass, Mr. Williama Aeko. When looking upon the
great painting of the volcano, and hearing them sing their native songs,
makes one feel as though they were in reality in far away Hawaii.
The A00R13M PALacG
/lud lis Startling IVonders
On the first floor is located the I^alm (iarden, a \eritable forest of gen-
uine palm trees, representing a great many varieties of this queen of trees.
The scene is one of true Oriental beauty. The effect is enhanced by groups
of Arabs, among whom a Bedouin chief, in arms and armor, and many
other figures as natural as life. Here also is seen a well of apparently
fathomless depths and many more pleasing features. Entering next the
C. D. \\'.\kRi:\ J.\Mi:s Hi. air
Moorish Castle is a representation of the world famed ".Mhamhra," the
"enchanted palace."" The architectural effects are unparalleled. Away from
the beholder stretch endless colonnades, capped by graceful arches, all in
gold and brilliant colors. This castle with its many and xarious parts is a
perfect labyrinth. In one of its parts is located the Harem, representing
one of the prixate apartments of the Padishah, richly decorated with fine
antique oriental tapestries. The Sultan is seen surrounded 1)\- his fax-orites
of the harem. We find oursehes next, again in a bewildering labyrinth of
colonnades and nooks. We are amazed and amused, for — turn where you
will — we are unable to find our way out of it, and are finall\- compelled to
ask the assistance of an attendant to make our escape.
We next enter the Cave, a grotto formed and filled 1)>- stalactites.
The scene is weird. Large boulders are piled up around us, and from
behind them and out of the dark corners gnomes and devils peep inquisi-
tively. In this cave is seen a characteristic representation of the "Origin of
Moorish Palace
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of the Harp," after the celebrated poem of Thomas Moore. Here we see
also "The Ride On The Razor," a pastime with which his Satanic Majesty
amuses himself in his idle hours. Leaving the cave we ascend a few steps
and find ourselves in the monster kaleidoscope. The presence of half a dozen
people upon this platform will create a delusion of countless thousands.
On the second floor of the Palace are found groups and scenes, each
upon a separate stage, set with appropriate scenic decorations.
All wax figures and scenery are furnished by the celebrated sculptors,
Louis and Gustav Castan, of Berlin, and the collection here shown is really
a reproduction of the world-famed Castan's Panopticum, of Berlin. "The
Assassination of Lincoln," "Luther in the Midst of His Family," "Louis
Castan, the Sculptor, in His Studio," "A Moorish Execution," "Niente da
fare," "The Fountain of Perennial Youth," "Behind the Scenes," "The
Poacher," "Christ and the Samaritan Woman at the Well," "Robert Koch
in His Laboratory," " Little Red Riding Hood," "The Sleeping Beauty,"
"On Guard," "The Dying Zouave," "Public Punishment of Scolds in the
Middle Ages," etc., etc., besides a complete Gallery of Reigning Monarchs,
Statesmen, Poets, Artists, etc.
In a separate room on the west side of the gallery, is shown a dio-
rama representing the scene of the Execution of Marie Antoinette, show-
ing the Scaffold and Guillotine used in her execution. Certificates authen-
ticating the genuiness of the same are exhibited at the entrance to this room.
The unparalleled success enjoyed by this attraction is attributable to the
exceptionally shrewd business management of the gentlemen directly inter-
ested in its operation. The knowledge shown by them in placing in this
enchanted place so many rare and wonderful things for the entertainment
of the public, prove them to be masters of human nature.
Mr. C. D. Warren, President of the Moorish Palace, is a gentleman
of rare entertaining qualities, having through life followed that motto,
"laugh and the world laughs with you." He is a native of Worcester,
Mass., where he was born in 1845. His wonderful aptitude for learning
was evinced in the fact that at the age of 19 years he graduated with high
honors from Chauncy Hall School, of Boston, Mass. Leaving school he
engaged in the dry goods business in Boston, afterwards going to New
York, and finally locating in Chicago, where at present he is a member of
the firm of Curtis &: Warren, 232 5th Avenue, enjoying a lucrative business.
Associated with Mr. Warren as Company Stockholders in the Moorish
Palace are some of Chicago's most prominent business men.
The business management of the Moorish Palace is in the hands of
Mr. James Blair, a young man of more than ordinary business ability, being
in fact the youngest business manager of any of the attractions on Midway
Plaisance. Mr. Blair was born in JoHet, 111., in 1862, and after spending
his early life on his father's farm, become interested in the business of
importing horses, making several trips across the ocean for that purpose
After ten years of success in that business he sold out to engage in the
furniture and undertaking business, in which he was more than successful.
The craze for World's Fair enterprises coming on he sold out his business
and came to Chicago where he at once became identified with the great
success of the Moorish Palace. His constant attention to the wishes and
desires of an exacting public places this gentleman in the front ranks of
business managers.
First Rou.m.v.xia.x Roy.vl Coxcert B.\xu
The selection and purchase of the wonderful collection shoWn in the
Moorish Palace could not possibly have fallen into better hands than those
of the secretary of the company, Mr. Sigmund Zeisler, a gentleman of the
highest literary attainment, and therefore especially fitted for a task requir-
ing both judgment and thorough familiarity with historic facts. Mr. Zeis-
ler, although but 34 years old, is a lawyer of wide reputation, being at
present first assistant Corporation Counsel of Chicago. He is a nati\e of
Austria, and a graduate of the Imperial College of Bielitz, Silesia. He
studied law at the University of Vienna for fi\e years where, in 1883 the
degree of Doctor of Law was conferred upon him. Coming to Chicago in
the same year, he graduated from the Northwestern Fni\'ersity Law School
in 1884, recei\'ing the degree of LL. B., since which time he has been act-
ively engaged in the practice of law.
The first IxDumanian Royal Concert
Hand, now playing- in the Moorish Palace,
is an org-anization of surpassing ability.
This wonderful company of musicians, is
under the direction of Mr. J. Negreskou,
a native Roumanian, and a gentleman of
rare musical attainments. Born in i86q,
he was educated in the Conservatory of
Bucharest in \-ocaI and instrumental music,
as in addition to his exceptional mastery
of the \'iolin, he is a tenor soloist seldom
met \\ith in the musical world. He has
travelled all o\er the Morld, gi\iny^ con-
certs in almost all the important places of
both hemispheres, receiving unbounded
I)raise and applause from his listeners.
At the Paris exposition of i88q, he was
honored with a gold medal, and at the Bremen Industrial Exposition, iSgo,
received a diploma as an attest of his ability, receiving also diplomas from
the National Exposition in Vienna, and the Jubileum in Prague. Having:
made a contract with the manag;ers of the Moorish Palace, he came to this
country last winter, bringing with him a company of i6 people, four ladies
and twelve g:entlemen, and, being a musician of so pronounced abilit\' him-
self, it is hardly necessary to state that his company is made up of persons
of acknowledged talent. After finishing his engagement with the Moorish
Palace, he will attend the Midwinter Exposition at California, taking with
him a company of Bo people, after which he will tour the large American
cities. Mr. Negreskou, besides being a musician, is a linguist of note,
speaking not less than ten different languages. He also sings in solo and
in chorus in all the languages spoken by him.
A very pronounced feature of this wonderful organization is the P^ar-
bianu sisters, Misses Sophie, Rosa and Helma, portraits of whom are shown
on a preceding page. Rosa and Helma have toured Europe for the past
six years, receiving homage and applause from all lovers of music before
whom they have appeared. Miss Sophie Farbianu, the younger of
the trio, is now for the first time before the public, and although the time
has been brief, she has made for herself a world of friends and admirers.
Mr. Negreskou is a composer of international fame and in addition to
his many compositions made in Europe, has written several very fine pieces
of music since coming to America, which are for sale in all music stores.
"■ft ,.^ - "" -
Cadets from Orchard Lake, Mich.
0>t Midway Plaisance
MlDA\AY PlAISANCE
Looking East front Ferris Wheel
Just immediately west of the Ferris Wheel
is located the Vienna Cafe and Restaurant
owned and operated by Mr. WilhelmGriesser.
This place is one of the most attractive Cafes
on the Plaisance, as the accompanying- illus-
tration will show. In addition to the serxing
of refreshments Mr.Griesser furnishes a wiude-
\ille entertainment made up of strictly first- /
class talent. On the second floor, where the
theatre is located
is a thoroughly
equipped restau-
rant, which, from
the opening of
the Fair, has en-
joyed a patron-
age that is all
that could be de-
sired. Mr. Gries-
ser is a native of
Baden, Germany,
where he was
born in 1857; and
immediately af-
ter leavingschooL
engaged in the
profession of
building and architecture, as his father was engaged in the same business.
In November, 1881, he came to America, locating in St. Louis, Mo., and in
1884 became a resident of Chicago, where he has been in business ever
since. His special business is l)uilding breweries, malt houses and distill-
eries, having built some of the largest in the West. As an architect, Mr.
Griesser enjoys an enviable reputation, having his office at 1 19 La Salle
Street.
With the opening of the Hxposition, he at once recognized a good busi-
ness opportunity in the conducting of a first-class Cafe and Restaurant on
the Midway Plaisance, hence his present ownership of this most delightful
resort. Although this is Iiis first effort as a restaurateur he has certainly
made a great success of it, as the large dail\- attendance at his place of
business fullv attests.
VIENNA CAFE AND RESTAURANT
West of Ferris Wheel
ScENK IN The Javanese Village
JoMoRE. Village
Sultan of
Johore, the little sultanate which has the dis-
tinction of being the southernmost pt^rtion of the
continent of Asia, is probably the smallest nation
in the world to make an exhibit at the Columbian
Exposition. Through the solicitation of Mr.
Rounsevelle Wildman, then United States Consul
at Singapore and at present I'nited States World's
Fair Commissioner for the Straits Settlement and
Borneo, His Highness, Abu Baker, Sultan of
lohore, sent an exhibit to Chicago of which, when
placed in comparison with some of his more
mighty neighbors, he may well be proud. Besides
the permanent exhibit in the Agricultural Building, he has placed on Mid-
way Plaisance, just west of the South Sea Island Village, a typical Malayan
bungalow and village with which the illustration in this article deals.
The bungalow, which occupies the center of the space, was made in
Johore under the supervision of the Prince. Governor of Muar, the north-
ernmost province of
the sultanate, and is
constructed of the
finest native woods.
It stands seven feet
from the ground on
palm posts, out of
the reach of tigers,
snakes and white
ants. It is furnished
in Malayan style with
a Rajah's bed, eating
throne, loom for the
weaving of the na-
tional articles of
dress, thesarong, and 1 iii- i i.v Boui ii of Johore Villagf:
contains a complete collection of implements of war and agriculture, games
of chance, archaic time-pieces and coins, besides Chinese curios contributed
by His Highness' Chinese subjects, of which he has over 200,000. In the
village proper, which is composed of attap thatched booths, Johore tea,
from the private gardens of His Highness, and ananas, the national drink,
is served and Malayan and Chinese curios are sold. The Sultanate of
Johore, which besides Siam, is the only independent kingdom in Southern
Asia, is situated on the notorious old Strait of Malacca, fourteen miles
north from the city of Singapore. It has a population of between 400,000
and 500,000 and an area of 15,000 square miles. Its revenue amounts to
over $6,000,000 a year, which is derived principally from opium and spirit
monopolies and a small import tax on gambler and tin.
The country is owned by the Sultan and the ground for mining and
farming is parceled out, tax free, to any one who cares to take it up. to hold
and occupy as long as it is worked. When neglected or given up it re\'erts
to the crown. His Highness, who is now at Cowes. Isle of Wight, on his
way to the Exposition, is fifty-six years old. He is educated, intelligent
and progressive. While his rule is despotic it is tempered with western
standards of justice and mercy.
sSoUTM v3eA laLAKD VlISlSAQE AND ThEATRE
The South Sea Island Village consists of a group of houses brought
from Samoan, Fiji and Wallis Islands. The largest of these houses belong-
ing to King Mataafa the deposed ruler of Samoa, who occupied it for
years. It made is from the wood of the bread-fruit tree and thatched with
leaves of the wild sugar-cane. There are a number of other native houses,
which are occupied by natives from the different Islands, showing their
every-day life. Curios of native manufacture which embrace many curios-
ities in the way of weapons and articles made from the bread-fruit tree, tapa
( native ) cloth, etc., are for sale. W' ar canoes that have seen active service
in the south seas are on exhibition. The Samoans themselves are the old-
est race of the South seas. Dances are given in the theatre which are
reallv wonderful.
'Vhk Japanese Bazaar
Midway Plaisaitcc
CoisoRADO (loisD AiNm(i Bami^it
An exhibit, at once unique and no\'el, and aboNC all very educational,
is the Colorado Gold Mining Exhibit, located on the south side of the
Plaisance, just opposite the Electric Scenic Theatre. The exhibit shows a
gold mine in full operation; men with their picks, hoisting machines, the
underground railroad, all in active working order. The actual working of
a mine is here shown in detail.
William Keast photobycbso,.
This really wonderful piece of mechanism is the invention of Mr.
\\'illiam Keast, a native of Cornwall County, England, where he was born
in 1857. Leaving his home in 1879, stopping for a short period in Canada,
he went dfrectly to Colorado, locating in Gilpin County, where he at once
began working in gold mines. Being of an observent mind, he was quick
to see the great interest shown by the many visitors to the mines in which
he was working, and conceived the idea of making a model of a gold mine
in full operation, as only by seeing a model can an accurate idea be formed
of the way in which the mineral is taken from the earth; the model show-
ing a sectional view.
Leaving the mines, he spent four years and a half in working out his
invention, succeeding so well that after being inspected by thousands of
mining experts, professors from mining schools, and the Den\er Mining
Exchange, all unanimously pronounced it perfect in every detail. A person
seeing this exhibit, will gain more knowledge of the true working of a mine
than if they visited a regular mine fifty times. The great success met with
at this Exposition by Mr. Keast has caused him to arrange for space at the
Midwinter Exposition, to be held at San Francisco, and also at the one to
be held at Antwerp, Belgium
In the Electric Scenic Theatre (A
chi\- in the Alps), Mr. Arthur Schwarz,
Concessionaire, is shown something" really
wonderful.
The stage picture is a beautiful Swiss
Alpine scenery, depicting" in a realistic
way every change of nature shown from
dawn to night, as each gradually appears,
and representing" some of the most won-
derfully realistic light effects ever pro-
duced by electric lamps. It is almost beyond belief that the \isitor is not
looking at a marvelous production of nature itself, instead of a picture cre-
ated by an ingenious and artistic display of electric lights. The scene
represents " A Day in the Alps." Tyrolean warblers perform on their var-
ious instruments, and sing their tuneful lays. Their renowned "yodels." as
sung at each performance, are applicable to the scenery. The entire scenic
effects are produced by about 250 electric incandescent lamps, operated from
in front of the stage, in full \ iew oi" the audience, liy switches. The
interior of the theatre is handsomely furnished with comfortable chairs.
There are nine electric fans, producing a permanent current of fresh air,
keeping the whole room at a low temperature and as refreshing as a sea
breeze, it matters not how hot it may be outside.
Entrance to Javanese Village
The (ieraan Villagh
The Midway Plaisance would indeed be incomplete but for the fact that
the German Villaije is located there. No display in the entire World's
Fair combines in itself so much calculated to awaken American curiosity
and (ierman interest. It was to the untiring' efforts of Dr. I Jlrich Jahn of
Berlin, a pupil and friend of the learned Prof. Virchow, that the conces-
C. B. Schmidt
Director-General German Village
sion and assignment of space for the erection of an ideal German \'illage,
with its many social features, became an established fact. With a feeling
of loyal patriotism and business enterprise, the Deutsche Bank and the
National Bank fuer Deutschland, two of the leading financial institutions of
Berlin, entered into the idea and backed their belief by assisting in the pro-
motion of a corporation with a capital of 1,200,000 marks, under the name
of the " German Ethnographic Exhibition, Limited." Their plans having
been finally made they at once set about to make the German \'illage what
it has since proven to be — a grand success every w ay.
Carl Hoffercker, architect to the German Imperial Commission at the
World's Fair, designed the plans, and Philip Holzman c^- Co., one of the
greatest building firms in Europe, had charge of the buildings, all of which
were constructed in Germany and set up at Frankfort-on-the-Main before
being shipped to Chicago.
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It is a product of Germany, pure and simple. It was possible because
the frame work of these buildintjs is stout timber from the Black Forest
so joined as to need no nails, except for interior details. Philip Holzman
wanted to feel sure that these timbers fitted their places. Once assured,
it was easy to send over German workmen, fill in the plaster where needed
and apply the decoration.
From bet^'inning to end, the village is a product of Germany, e\'en to
the music. The original intention was to bring over two military bands in
active service. To this the Kaiser would not listen; he said they could not
Hi<:lmet, in MusI'U.m
SI':al of German Empiric
be spared from the regiments. Moreover, under no circumstances could
they remain away six months. However, being greatly interested in
the success of the German Village, the Kaiser permitted two bands
to be formed out of existing bands selected from fifteen hundred picked
musicians who entered into competition for the honor of representing their
country in America. The Cavalry Band of twenty-four pieces, represents
the Garde du Corps or Imperial Body Guard. The Infantry Band, num-
bering forty-eight performers, contains wood as well as brass instruments,
and is led by a veteran, distinguished for brave service in three wars.
Both Bands wear the regular German army uniform.
The German Village spends $100,000 on two bands as a matter of
course, knowing that music is the one investment that pays.
But, to the description of this charming village, for charming it is.
Entering from the centre avenue of Midway Plaisance, the visitor finds
himself in the midst of a group of quaint structures. On his left he sees
the rich and massive facade of a Hessian Town Hall, with its traditional
"Bridal Stairs." Ascending this he is greeted within by several typically
furnished peasant rooms, with all their home-like attributes, even now fre-
quently met with in obscure settlements distant from the railways. Op])0-
Knight ox Horse-Back
In Museum, German Village
site the Hessian Town Hall and to the rJQ-ht of the entrance, a Black Forest
peasant home is seen.
L'pon its low foundation the pointed roof of the Westphalian house
looms up high. Diai^onally across from the Westphalian stands the upper
Bavarian house of pronounced hii^-hland type. Across a small stream of
water, the house of the Spreewald is disclosed, with its small, deepset win-
dows, its hii^h, thatched roof and gable, crowned w ith the old wendic sym-
bol, the W'olfshead. The center of the entire space of 780 x 225 feet, is
T/VTToo, With Medlkval Trumpets
German Cavalry
occupied by a castle of the type of the early Sixteenth century, surmounted
by turrets and spires and surrounded by a moat 16 feet wide with the addi-
tional protection of hii.jh palisades.
On the other side of the castle Cierman sociability triumphs. Large
open halls constructed in ornamental woodwork, surround an open, wooded
space filled with tables and chairs enough for several thousand people-
Within this garden the two bands aboxe mentioned, give concerts during
the afternoon and evening, under the direction of two prominent Prussian
band leaders. These two bands have been organized by Herman Wolfl",
HESSIAN TOWN HALL
MAIN FRONT, PORTAL AND DRAW BRIDGE OF CASTLE
THE GERMAN VILLAGE
(ll-KMAN X'lLLAGM
the director of the celebrated Philharmonic at Berhn, with the aid of the
Prussian army inspector, Rossberg, who is the head of all the Prussian
army music.
Beyond a Bastion where stands a soldier clad in the armor of the
Fourteenth century, we pass into a museum as rare as it is interesting, where
30,000 pieces of old armor share the honors with antique jewelry, knives, forks,
spoons, swords, saddles, spears, pistols, guns, everything conceivable and
inconceivable in the way of rare European curios. Even old masters like
Albert Durer and Raphael are included. This wonderful collection was
The Castle — German Village
made by a wealthy manufacturer of Saxony, Mr. Richard Zschille, Tower
Councillor of (irossenhain. He has left at home quite as \-aluable a
mu.seum as he has brought with him. This exhibit in the castle of the
German Village is valued at $1,000,000.
Beyond this museum is still another, dexoted to imitations of ancient
weapons, jewelry, etc., and to admirable wax figures from Charlemagne,
Barbarossa and Kaiser Wilhelm, to the peasantry of divers provinces.
The management of this great enterprise is under the contrt)l of Mr.
C. B. Schmidt, a nati\e of Saxony, German\-, ])ut for the past 29 years an
American citizen. Mr. Schmidt's residence in America has been chiefly
in Kansas, where he was Commissioner of Immigration for the Atchison,
Topeka cv .Santa be Railroad, and wliile so engaged succeeded in adding
more than 75,000 pcoi^lc to that state — a feat unparalleletl in tlie history of
immitjration. Hax'ing' s])ent his entire hfe in the financial business, and
being' frequently called to ILuroi)e in the transaction of business with the
foremost financiers of that countr\-, it was only natural that the important
position of Director-Cieneral of the (ierman Village should be tendered him,
as his reputation for integrit\' and shrewd business judgment is a fact
thoroughh' known both in luu'ope and America.
Hast Indian Palaci:
Midway Plaisance
A Group of Performers
On Midway Plaisance
HAQmBCCf^'^ A[\mA
Probabl>- tht most wontlcrful exhibit on the Fair (irounds— the one,
at least, that is attracting: most attention— is the Hag:enbeck Trained Ani-
mal Exhibit. This exhibition was brought to this country at enormous ex-
pense by a corporation with a capital stock of $200,000, and of this concern
S. M. HOFFHHIMER
General Manager
Mr. S/M. Hoffheimer is the General Manag-er. Opening, as the\' did, w ith
the gates of the Fair on May 1st, the\' ha\ e run continualK- since that day,
and o\er a million people ha\e witnessed their iJcrformances. E\'ery one
leaving the building is an advertisement for the show. It is a re\elation to
see the antics of the animals— lions riding on horseback, iumi)ing hurdles
and pedestals with the ease and grace of man himself; tigers propelling
\elocipedes, tigers on rexoKing globes; bears ow re\ oK ing barrels; trained
pigs, introduced by Mr. J. Beketow, a Russian clown of international repu-
tation, and a group of w ild animals of twent\' different species h)rming all
sorts of groups and p\ramids, and other acts too numerous to mention in
this brief space. Then, the h\e trained lions undei" the guidance of Prof-
V
>. ^-iiL^
.r-
p!
ill- V ■
*m^:\
Hagenhix'k's Arena
Edw". Darling', the world-famed trainer, are, beyond doubt, too wonderful
for description. The pen fails — they must be seen. From their entry into
the arena, until they are drixen out hitched to a Roman chariot, and driven
by Mr. Darling, the audiences are held spell-bound. An exhibition of this
nature was ne\'er seen before, and probably ne\er will be again, unless un-
der Mr. Hag-enbeck's colors. Nobody has yet appeared to dispute his claim
as the g:reatest collector and trainer of animals in the world. As an evi-
dence of successful results in the managerial world, it may be mentioned
W.'\TCHING THK LlOX TaMKR
Hagenbeck's Arena
incidentalh' that from the \ast multitudes attending' the Hagenbeck exhibi-
tions, no complaint has been heard, nobody has been mistreated, and no one
leaves their doors but has a kind word to say for the show. Mr. Hoffheimer
reports a continued increase in their attendance, from 2,500 on May i, to
16,000 on last Saturday, Sept. 23.
It may be mentioned here that the collection of animals comprises 22
lions, 8 tigers, elephants, bears, leopards, lionesses, etc., monkeys and par-
rots without number, and 12 boar-hounds, the like of which were never seen
in America before; and names of the trainers should not be oxerlooked —
Mr. H. Mehrmann. Mr. Wm. Philadelphia, Mr. J. Penje. Miss Ella John-
ston, and Miss Marcella Berg.
Professor Edward Darling, a portrait of whom is shown herewith, is
certainly one of the leading- features of the great Hagenbeck Animal Show
of Midway Plaisance. The feats performed by this gentleman are really
astounding, and the wonderful control he possesses over his lions (five in
number) is something only to be believed when seen, but his exceptional
ability in this line is due to the fact that his entire life has been spent in the
handling of animals of all kinds. His father being a veterinary surgeon it
was through this that he came into the menagerie business. During his
services in the buying of wild animals for such well-known animal dealers
as Hagenbeck and Moller, of Hamburg, he made several trips to Africa in
Prof. Edw.vrd Darling
The World-Famed Trainer
search of wild beasts, but after the war in the Soudan, it becoming too dan-
gerous for importers to continue their business there, he gave up the buying
of animals and engaged in the show business, tra\'eling through Europe,
India, Australia, and eventually to America, making his first appearance
here three years ago. Mr. -Darling was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1855,
and has been training since he was 22 years of age. After the Fair, his in-
tentions are to return to Hamburg and retire from business.
Mr. Darling is a gentleman of great sociability and sua\'it\- of man-
ner, and, noting his extreme. gentleness, one is surprised beyond measure
in obser\'ing his complete mastery o\er the king of beasts.
One of the lar.o-est and most attractive buildins^^s on the Plaisance is
that of the "Original Model Vienna Bakery, Cafe and Theatre," occupying-
more than an acre of ground— a great three stor>' structure that includes
under its ample roof one of the finest restaurants in Chicago, besides a cafe,
lunch room and theatre.
The great success of the Vienna Bakery and Cafe at the Centennial
Plxposition warranted its managers and owners in making the greatly larger
outlay and the much more complete preparation of the present enterprise,
Original .M(ii)i:l X'if.nxa Bakp:r\' and Cafk
which is under the direction of H. A. Fleischman, and owned by a company
officered by William Loeb, president; S. D. Wyatt, treasurer, and A. Gott-
lieb, secretary. The lessons learned by the management at the Centennial
have borne fruit, and in every part the Vienna Bakery and Cafe is now an
ideal World's Fair house.
Of course, the o\'ens are the central idea in such an en.terprise with
such a name. And wliat ovens they are? W'ide. deep, low cells of vitrified
brick reaching far back over jackets of steam and boiling water, with ther-
mometers and other applumces at e\"ery hand to regulate just to a nicety
the heat and the work, and with doors and lights to expedite ever\' part of
the baking.
The bakers and pastry cooks who work in the cool, well-lit rooms
about the bank of ovens have the air of men who are masters of their craft,
and the heaping baskets of rolls and kukeln and bread browned to a warm
autumnal tint that stand about attest their art.
But the bakery is only part of the cafe. The great restaurant, seating
3,000 persons at a time, demands many other comestibles besides what is
admittedly the best breatl in the workl. The kitcliens, constructed upon the
atest and best scientific models, are fully up to the lartjest demands that
can be made upon them, and the cordons bleu who preside therein are the
autocrats of good cookery.
It is a first-class house, and caters to a first-class trade, of course, but
the menus, compared with those of the Wellington, Kinsleys, or the Fran-
caise of Chicago, show a most decided difference in charges. When it is
remembered that the management must pay to the W^orld's Fair 25 per
cent of their gross receipts the public spirit displayed in the regulation
of low rates becomes all the more apparent and praiseworthy.
The west end (^f the great V^ienna Bakery building has been fitted up
as a beautiful summer theatre, which is at once spacious, cool and con-
venient.
In both the lunch room and restaurant are bands of music constantly
entertaining the great crowds of patrons that are always noticeable in this
popular resort.
Far-Aw.w AlosiiS AND Ills Pkts
In thk DAHtniEV Village
Midiuiv Plaisance
A Group on Midway Plaisance
S/iowi/!^^ Far- Away Moses
TIE IRian VILLAQC
AND DONEGAL CATTLE,
The Irish \'inay;c and Donegal Castle, of which we gixe a picturesque
\iew, is one of the most popular resorts in the Plaisance. The villaije was
designed and erected by Mrs. Ernest Hart as the exhibit of the Donegal
Industrial Fund. This organization was founded bN' Mrs. Hart ten years
ago, with the object of re\'i\ing and dexeloping cottage industries and hand
Irish X'ielage
Showing Donegal Castle
work in Ireland, more particularly in the Congested Districts of the North-
west. It has been engaged in training the poor of Co. Donegal, Co. Ar-
magh, Co. Antrim, Co. Dublin and elsewhere in Ireland, in their own homes
and in small class rooms and in work shops, in the art of dyeing from
plants, in spinning, wea\-ing, pattern making, the making of homespuns
and of the Kell's Art Linens, in lace making, sewing, sprigging, \eining, the
making of the "Kell's Embroideries, " in draw ing, designing, wood-carving
..nd carpentry. Its operations hav'e been attended with so much success
■-.nat it has obtained no less than thirteen gold medals and highest awards
at great international exhibitions for its jiroducts, where competing openly
with other manufacturers. At the great International Exhibition in Paris
in 1889. the Donegal Industrial Fund was awarded a higher number of
awards ( namely five ). than any British exhibitor. The beauty and \ ariet\-
of the products of the D. I. F. are seen in the exhibits in the banqueting
hall of the Donegal Castle. The unequalled homespuns, the splendid em-
broideries, the many colored and iridescent linens, the beautiful laces, the
hand sewn lingerie, and the hand knitted hosiery, and all the products of
the uncultured workers tramed through the teaching and agency of this
beneficent organization, and they demonstrate what beautiful and high
class work can be executed by deft Irish hands and clever Irish workers if
technically and practically trained.
Though the aim is philanthropic, and Mrs. Harts work purely
honorary-, the D. I. F. is established on sound commercial lines. Mrs. Hart
being convinced that this alone gi\ cs the assurance of permanency and
real success. In the cottages scattered around the picturesque \ illage
green are seen the whole processes of manufacture, the dyeing, spinning
and weaving of homespuns; the making of dainty laces, the carxing of bog
oak, the weaving of Kells Linens, the working of Kells Embroideries and
the sprigging of handkerchiefs, and not the least interesting among these
workshops is the village smithy, where McLaughlin, the artist blacksmith,
hammers out beautiful objects on the anvil. All the exhibits are for sale,
and souvenirs of bog oak, Irish jewelr\-, Belfast illustrated books, etc.. can
also be obtained at the stalls. The historical and artistic exhibits are
extremely interesting, the Druidical Stones and early Christian Crosses,
the Round Tower, the St. Lawrence Gate at Drogheda and Donegal
Castle, form a group of buildings as beautiful as interesting. The galler\-
of portraits of great Irishmen, the statues of Gladstone and Bright and
Bishop Berkely, by Bruce Joy, the Irish Sculptor: the model of the
Memorial Chapel of Daniel O'Connell. with the chair and hat of the great
Liberator, the paintings by Irish artists, the pictures of Irish scener>- and
life, and the splendid reproductions of ancient Celtic jewelrA-. give not only
beauty and artistic interest to Donegal Castle but make it the representa-
tive exhibit of Ireland in the Worlds Fair. In the corner of the Tower
Garden is a reproduction of the famous "Wishing Chair" of the Giant's
Causeway, which was formally dedicated by Mrs. Potter Palmer, by moon-
light, on July 28th. Here the patriotic can stand on Irish soil, can be
seated on an actual stone brought from the Causeway, and can purchase
the living green Shamrock of the "ould sod." All well-wishers of Ireland
will wish well to the Donegal Industrial Fund and its founder for bringing
comfort and prosperity to many an Irish home; ever>- visitor to the Irish
\illage and Donegal Castle will aid the realization of this wish, as all the
3«^
V
^
Mrs. Ernest Hart
l-'oitiuicr of the Dont\s;al Industrial l-'tind
proceeds of the Village will be devoted, after paying expenses, to the
development of the industrial and technical teaching of the Donegal
Industrial Fund, which has already achieved so remarkable a measure of
success.
But though the \'illage is so picturesque, and its historical and artistic ex-
hibits so interesting and instructi\c, the object is to bring forward the pro-
ducts of the cottage industries of Ireland; and to obtain a more extended
market for them in America. A retail store called "Donegal House, the
depot for Irish Industries,'" has been established in London for many
years, and to this Mrs. Hart has added a wholesale warehouse at 33
Brewer Street, Golden Speare, London, and a manufacturing centre
located in Co. Donegal. The basis of supply is now well established
and organized, and as the operations of the D. I .F. extend all over
Ireland and embrace nearly all Irish industries, laces, homespuns,
linens, embroideries, etc., can be supplied both Avholesale and retail. Orders
for the products of the D. I. F are being placed by some of the leading
wholesale American houses, and if the interest exerted l)\- the Irish \'illage
in Chicago, and the exhibits in Donegal Castle has the practical issue in in-
troducing goods, honest and beautiful in manufacture, to the American
public, its effect will ha\e been accomplished, and Irish poxerty \\ill be
cured bv Irish industrw
SiGiMUND ZeISLER
Secretary Moorish Palace
Among- so many attractions along Mid\va\- Plaisancc, there are none
more interesting than the Japanese Bazaar. It is an art palace in itself,
where one can well enjoy a whole da\' looking- at the innumerable varieties
of the Japanese g-oods. from the most expensive pieces of Cloizonni, Satsuma
ware, g;enuine kaga porcelain, ixory car\ing, silk handkerchiefs, lacquer
ware, white metal work, etc., etc., down to bamboo work, paper g;oods, teas,
toys and bric-a-brac of every description. In this most interesting bazaar
where there are so many things to tempt the buyer, tlie management have
seen fit to place the prices at such a scale that most anyone can afford to carry
away some of the many souvenirs to be had here. Every lover of Japanese
goods ought to put aside a day exclusively for \isiting this bazaar. The
Irish Village
S/iowinj^ Blarney Castle in the Distance
bazaar is under the entire control of the Japanese people themselves, and
all of them, being well educated, speak fluently the English language, thus
making it a pleasure indeed to make purchases from them.
The Irish Industrial Village and Blarney Castle, exhibited under the
patronage of the Countess of Aberdeen, contains many features of interest
to a World's Eair visitor. Here is shown the many different Irish indus-
tries, such as needle point lace making, crochet work and the weaxing of
homespuns, knitting, etc. The dairy exhibit is shown, as is also bog oak
carving, embroidery, etc. Taken all together it is a place one would M'ish
to visit.
In great contrast to the natixcs of Dahomey is the International Dress
and Costume Exhibit, where is shown costumes and faces of the pretty
ladies from 40 nations.
Scene in the "SiREEr in Cairo"
Midway Plaisanci:
The Columbian Guard is a body of men made
up t)f all classes and professions, and to some of
them the rigid rules of army discipline are vexa-
tious, to say the least, being as they are, familiar
onl\' with ci\il life; but in the majority- of cases,
the army officers who are in command of these
guards fulK- recognize and appreciate this fact,
and use an amount of leniency that would not
be tolerated in the Regular Army ser\-ice.
Occupying an important command of the
Columbian Guard is Captain William M. Swaine,
Capt. \\\m. M. Swaine. an officer and a gentleman, well liked on the
Midway Plaisance for his general efficiency- in caring for the interests of
the concessionaires. Captain Swaine graduated from the Military Academy
in 1886, and Mas appointed Second Lieutenant of the 22d Infantry. In
November, 1891, he was i)romoted to First Lieutenant in the same regi-
ment. About the middle of July, 1893, he was appointed Captain of Com-
pany No. 37 of the Columbian Guard, with station in the Anthropological
and Forestry Buildings. On September 4th, he was assigned to the more
important command of Company No. 29, stationed in Midway Plaisance.
Captain Swaine is constantly mo\-ing around among the guards, who are on
post, questioning and instructing them in their duties.
The Street in Cairo, one of the leadinti' attractions of the Plaisance,
contains Eg'yptian stores, in which is sold wares of every description per-
taining" to that country, a theatre, temple, etc. Visitors have s^reat sport
here in the ridiny; of donkeys and camels.
The Algerian and Tunisian V'illag^e is peopled with natives from Alge-
ria and Tunis; they ha\e a large bazaar and theatre.
Javanese \Tllage is a bamboo enclosure, showing a number of huts
where natives of Java are employed in the various species of handicraft
followed in their far away islands. Several views of the same are shown in
this book.
P.c.vi'TiAX Woman
street in Cairo
Directly opposite Old \ ienna is the Wah Mee Expositi(Mi Company's
exhibit, consisting of the Chinese Theatre, Temple of Worship, Chinese
Tea Garden and Cafe, and a Chinese Bazaar, all under the management of
Mr. H. Sling. This \ery interesting exhibit was brought here at a cost of
about $100,000. The\' ha\e here a Chinese Oi)era, imported direct from
China, especially for the World's Fair. In the Joss IT)use is shown repre-
sentations of Chinese life, dating 4000 years back, showing both in scenerv
and figures their religious beliefs, mode of punishment and general way of
li\ ing. The many wonderful articles of merchandise sold in the bazaar
are in themseh^es something that sln)uld be seen l)\' all World's Pair \isitors.
The East Indian Palace, owned by Messrs. Ardeshir & Byramji, is a
very unique and most interesting exhibit. These gentlemen are familiar
with the peculiarities of Exposition \isitors, having attended all the prin-
cipal expositions throughout Europe, and have therefore placed on sale a
collection seldom if ever seen outside of India. These goods consist of
black wood and sandal wood furniture, boxes, tables, chairs, etc., and cash-
mere, venares and Moradabad brass and copper hand-chased and enam-
eled vases, pots, etc. They show also a large assortment of shawls, table
covers and cushions, silverware, jewelry, old battle axes, arms, and idols.
In addition to their exhibit on Midway they have one also in the Manu-
factures Building.
A Group of Javane.se
The American Indian Village consists of a number of North Ameri-
can Indians, who give their war dances, etc.
The California Ostrich Earm have on exhibition 28 live ostriches, and
to see them is a study in natural history.
Near the west end of Midway is an attractive exhibit showing Sitting
Bull's log cabin, together with a tribe of Sioux Indians, prominent among
w^hom is that celebrated Chief, Rain-in-the-Face, of Custer massacre fame.
A very interesting collection of relics is shown.
Panorama of Pompeii is a representation of the city of Pompeii be-
fore its destruction in the year 63, and as it is to-day.
The Exhibit of tlic Lihijy (ihiss Works is at once interesting: and in-
structive, meeting- not only the demands of the curiosity hunters, but those
of the student as w ell. I3ay and night the g:lass factory is shown in its full
operation and is a g-reat educator of one of the oldest of arts. While an ad-
mission fee of ID cents is charg-ed, a rebate of that amount is g:iven on the
purchasing: of any article, practically making- the admission free. The
structure occupied b>- this exhibit is \ery pretty indeed, being- one of the
most commanding- in appearance of all the building's on Midway. E\-ery
A 'liun ()!■ SiNGER.s IX Old Vienn.v
thing: seen in a reg:ular glass factory is here shown— the roaring- furnaces
contain the crucibles for fusion of the materials that i)roduce the g-lass, the
finished cut g;lass specimens, with glass house or blowing" room, in fact
nothing is omitted. The furnace in the centre of the blowing room is lOO
feet high and has a base of 25 feet in diameter.
The Diamond Match Compan>- has a \ ery unique exhibit, showing the
method pursued in the manufacture of matches.
The Cyclorama of the Bernese Alps is an exceptionally fine represen-
tation of those famous peaks.
The Lapland \'illage is very interestin<i', showing the Hfe of the
Laplander. The exhibit consists of tepees, doys, reindeer, and the Lap-
landers themselves.
The Turkish X'illa.oe is composed of bazaars, theatres, temple of
worship, restaurants, etc. The original Turkish Theatre, under the man-
ag-ement of the Messrs. Maghgabhgab is very interesting, as in this theatre
is given a genuine performance of a Turkish drama. The play is inter-
preted throughout, so that persons visiting it have a thorough understand-
ing of the plot of the play. The cost of the theatre was about $10,000.
A unique exhibit is the one made by Mr. George Washington
Childs. of Philadelphia, of the Workingman's Home. It \\ill interest not
only the laboring classes, but all i)ersons interested in social economics.
Exhibit No. 4 is the California Nursery and Citrous Tree Exhibit, con-
sisting of orange and lemon trees which show green and ripe fruit and
blossoms, all on the same trees.
Ottoman's Arab Camp, known as the Wild East Show, is in the ex-
treme West end of the Plaisance, and the performances here given are feats
of horsemanship and daring of the Bedouin Arabs.
The Venice-Murano Glass Exhibit consists of a complete furnace
showing the production of fancy blown glass, besides the workshop for
monumental decorative Mosaic \\x)rk.
JT ( J^tL. \\- rhoto l)v C.iljsou
. J. liIHSON
Official l'<iytrait Photographer of the ITorld's Columbian Exposition
Lt)calcd in the I 'air grounds, near the 62d Street entrance, i.s the offi-
cial portrait photograph gallery of the Exposition. Mr. J. J. Gibson, of
Ann Arbor, Mich., is the official photographer. The work turned out by
this gentleman is the finest product of the science of photography, and in
marked contrast to the high prices governing most World's Fair articles,
he is \ery moderate in his charges. He is an artist of exceptional ability,
having in every instance received medals of award wherever his photo-
graphs have been placed on competitive exhibition, and the fact that he
succeeded in securing the honor of Official Portrait Photographer over his
many rivals pro\'es the high esteem in which he is held by the officials of the
Exposition. In the operation of his gallery he is most ably assisted by
his wife, who is also his partner, she being at all times courteous and oblig-
ing under the many perplexities encountered in the reception room of a
gallery doing so large a business as here done. His large corps of assist-
ants are noted for their ability. The making of the thousands of pass-
photos is very perplexing, as many as 1,500 being made in a da\', the\- being-
made simply for purposes of identification do not in an\- w a\- represent the
excellent photos made by Mr. Gibson, for aside from the contract for mak-
ing the pass-photos he has also the concession for making Portraits of Fair
visitors, of which he does a \ery large business. I le has made photos of
all the noted pc()i)le of the Fair and the Plaisance, copies of whom he will
have on sale during and after the Expositioii.
H. Horkhind, Printer Geo. Rlekiuist. Keioucher T.J. Boyce. Retoucher S. D. Wardlaw. Operator C. Karus. Finisher
Fred Keiitschler. Operator Mrs. Gibsun. Manager J.J. Gibson, Proprietor Chas. A. Schaldenbrand, Printer
Miss M. Burt, Reception Room I,ady Miss R. Reutschler. Reception Room Lady
Official Portrait T'iiotograi'hf.r and Corps of Assistants
Court oi- Honor
Showing MacMonnies Fountain
4^«^HE giant of the Exposition — indeed, the Brobdingnagian
\^ of all expositions, for it is the largest structure e\'er
reared for a world's fair — is the Manufactures and Lib-
eral Arts Building, measuring 1688 feet by 788 feet, and cover-
ing more than thirty-one acres. The main roof, which is of
iron and glass, alone arches an area 385 by 1,400 feet. A gal-
lery, which extends around all four sides of this great structure,
gives more than eight additional acres for exhibits.
; s//2oQuYc:((fcjrr3 ^•"^Jjhcri^J S^ro
Although this building is so huge, the skill of the architect,
George B. Post, of New \'ork, has gi\en it a remarkable sym-
metry, and as an architectural triumph as well as for its import-
ance in other respects, it is worthy of the conspicuous place
given it on the grounds, facing the Lake, from which it is sep-
arated by lawns and promenades. The building is in the Cor-
inthian style of architecture, and in purely classic lines excels
all others on the grounds. Its long lines of columns and
arches, are relieved by ornamentation of female figures.
1 — 'xcMi-LKD in appearance onh' l)>- the Atlniinistration Build-
P intj, Machinery Hall, occupying" a space 850 by 500 feet
is at the south end of the Park, midway l)et\veen the
lake and west line. Adding: the Annex on the west, which
covers between four and fi\'e acres, its lencrth is increased to
1400 feet, making it after the gig'antic Manufactures Building,
the largest building on the Exposition grounds. Peabody &
Stearns, of Boston, the architects, ha\e, ai)propriately to the
^ac/;>^!;c^^:
historical associations of the Exposition, in the details, copied
the renaissance of Spanish towns. This imposing building
and the Administration and Agricultural Buildings make an
architectural display of great magnificence.
The cost of this structure was $1,000,000. Machinery Hall,
in its ample proportions, with its stately architecture, is indeed
worthy to be the scene of the display of the marvels of this
most marvelous age of mechanical triumphs.
ETWEEN the Horticultural and Mines and Mining Build-
ings lies the Transportation Building. In style, savoring
of the Romanesque, it is exquisitely simple in architect-
ural effect, yet, very rich and elaborate in detail. Seen from
the Lagoon, its cupola will make the most striking effect of
the north quadrangle, while from the cupola itself, which will
be reached by eight elevators, the Northern Court, the most
beautiful of all the effects of the Exposition, will be seen in its
most favorable aspect. As a whole the building will consist of
a continuous arcade, with subordinated colonnade and entab-
lature, pierced by many minor entrances, about which, will be
grouped terraces, seats, drinking fountains and statues. The
exhibits will, of course, include everything of whatsoever kind
or sort that has to do with transportation, from the frail and
lovely baby carriage to the massive and most heavily built of
railway engines. Mr. Willard A. Smith is the Chief of the
Transportation Department, which was organized July 27, 1891
University of California
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